“…Many authors have studied the existence of at least one solution, or multiple solutions, or even infinitely many solutions for fourth-order boundary value problems by using lower and upper solution methods, Morse theory, the mountain-pass theorem, constrained minimization and concentration-compactness principle, fixed-point theorems and degree theory, and critical point theory and variational methods, and we refer the reader to the papers [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and references therein.…”