Inflammasome formation and IL-1β release by human blood monocytes in response to silver nanoparticles

A systematic review of evidence for silver nanoparticle-induced mitochondrial toxicity

“…100] and calcium sequestration. 101,102 To date, a small number of studies have investigated direct mitochondrial uptake of AgNPs, 45,103,104 and a subset of these studies have found evidence of AgNP entry into the mitochondrion. 45,103 The magnitude of AgNP exposure resulting in mitochondria-specific dysfunction (such as decreased ATP production, observed in fibroblasts and glioblastoma 103 and oral squamous carcinoma cells 81 ) in the cell as a whole varies and is dependent upon factors such as the rate of cellular turnover and age of the organism.…”

“…However, the 5 nm AgNPs induced lysosomal swelling, whereas mitochondrial swelling and direct uptake of 28 nm particles was observed. 45 In the same study, 100 nm PVP-coated AgNPs were taken up by monocytes, but did not induce mitochondrial or lysosomal changes. 45 These data suggest that mitochondria-specific uptake and subsequent or correlative changes in function is dependent upon AgNP size.…”

Fluoromica nanoparticle cytotoxicity in macrophages decreases with size and extent of uptake

“…[6][7][8] Overt toxicity, for example, generally increases as size decreases. This has been shown for amorphous silica, 9 silver, 10 and metal oxides.…”

The in vitro effect of commercially available noble metal nanocolloids on the splenocyte proliferative response and cytokine production in mice

“…In this study high concentrations of nanoparticles inhibited production of cytokines due to the cytotoxic effect, but also lower, non-toxic concentrations depressed the synthesis of IL-1β and IL-6. On the other hand, Greulich et al (2011) demonstrated lack of any effect whatsoever of nanosilver on production of cytokines by T lymphocytes, while Yang et al (2012) showed that it did not stimulate production of IL-1β by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Also studies on phagocytic cells describe various effects of non-toxic concentrations of nanoparticles: from proinflammatory effect, e.g.…”

“…Also studies on phagocytic cells describe various effects of non-toxic concentrations of nanoparticles: from proinflammatory effect, e.g. increased expression of TNF-α (Park et al 2010b), IL-1β (Yang et al 2012), IL-6 and TNF-α (Martinez-Gutierrez et al 2010), IL-1α and β, IL-6, TNF-α (Park et al 2011) or IL-6 and IL-8 (Greulich et al 2011), through slight stimulation of proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 (Santoro 2007), to lack of any effect on expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α (Yen 2009). The researchers who had obtained more intense synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines by phagocytes attributed this effect to the ingestion of NPs by phagocytes, intracellular ionization of particles, formation of ROS and, consequently, stimulation of cells and proinflammatory action (Park 2010b, Greulich et al 2011, Park et al 2011, Yang et al 2012.…”