Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: The Future

Arnold, Natalie; Lechner, Katharina; Waldeyer, Christoph; Shapiro, Michael D.; Köenig, Wolfgang

doi:10.15420/ecr.2020.50

Cited by 63 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Our results agree with previous studies comparing the VLCKD with a hypocaloric diet based on the MedDiet, showing VLCKD to be associated with marked reductions not only in BMI, but also in total body fat and waist circumference, all of which are related to the incidence of CV disease [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. It has been suggested that nutritional ketosis and DHA supplementation may be added to the greater weight loss as responsible for these beneficial effects [ 15 , 20 , 38 ]. Dietary carbohydrate restriction increases the production of the ketone body ß-hydroxybutyrate, shifting tissue cross-talk from a proinflammatory to an anti-atherogenic environment, addressing the residual inflammatory risk and reducing most of the atherosclerotic CV disease biomarkers [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Morphological Changes in the Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Density and Biological Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Subjects with Moderate Obesity Undergoing a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

et al. 2021

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Weight loss after bariatric surgery decreases the earlier expansion of the adventitial vasa vasorum (VV), a biomarker of early atheromatous disease. However, no data are available regarding weight loss achieved by very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) on VV and lipid-based atherogenic indices. A randomized clinical trial was performed to examine changes in adventitial VV density in 20 patients with moderate obesity who underwent a 6-month very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD, 600–800 kcal/day), and 10 participants with hypocaloric diet based on the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet, estimated reduction of 500 kcal on the usual intake). Contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasound was used to assess the VV. Body composition analysis was also used. The atherogenic index of plasma (log (triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio)) and the triglyceride-glucose index were calculated. Serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were measured. The impact of weight on quality of life-lite (IWQOL-Lite) questionnaire was administered. Participants of intervention groups displayed a similar VV values. Significant improvements of BMI (−5.3 [−6.9 to −3.6] kg/m2, p < 0.001), total body fat (−7.0 [−10.7 to −3.3] %, p = 0.003), and IWQOL-Lite score (−41.4 [−75.2 to −7.6], p = 0.027) were observed in VLCKD group in comparison with MedDiet group. Although after a 6-months follow-up period VV density (mean, right and left sides) did not change significantly in any group, participants in the VLCKD exhibited a significantly decrease both in their atherogenic index of plasma and serum concentration of sICAM-1. A 6-month intervention with VLCKD do not impact in the density of the adventitial VV in subjects with moderate obesity, but induces significant changes in markers of endothelial dysfunction and CV risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Morphological Changes in the Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Density and Biological Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Subjects with Moderate Obesity Undergoing a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

et al. 2021

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“…Low-grade inflammation has an important role in T2D and especially in CVD. Inflammatory processes in the arterial wall driven by modified lipoproteins trigger hypercoagulable state [88,89]. The effects of anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce CVD events is likely explained by their interaction with the pathway of the NLRP3 inflammasome to interleukin 1, IL-6, and CRP [90].…”

Section: Mendelian Randomization Studies In Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Are There Differences?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Common Soil Hypothesis” Revisited—Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

2021

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The prevalence and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), representing >90% of all cases of diabetes, are increasing rapidly worldwide. Identification of individuals at high risk of developing diabetes is of great importance, as early interventions might delay or even prevent full-blown disease. T2D is a complex disease caused by multiple genetic variants in interaction with lifestyle and environmental factors. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Detailed understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying in CVD events is still largely missing. Several risk factors are shared between T2D and CVD, including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. CVD can precede the development of T2D, and T2D is a major risk factor for CVD, suggesting that both conditions have common genetic and environmental antecedents and that they share “common soil”. We analyzed the relationship between the risk factors for T2D and CVD based on genetics and population-based studies with emphasis on Mendelian randomization studies.

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“…Since the collected evidence indicates that a state of chronic inflammation has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, where clinical and epidemiological studies describe a clear connection between high levels of proinflammatory cytokines with atherosclerotic lesions that favor cardiovascular events [12], several efforts to integrate interventions targeting lowering the inflammation burden have been carried out [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation Markers in Adipose Tissue and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction by Pomegranate Juice in Obesity Induced by a Hypercaloric Diet in Wistar Rats

et al. 2021

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Pomegranate juice (Punica granatum) has been used since ancient times in traditional medicine (Unani Medicine, Ayurveda); its main compounds are anthocyanins and ellagic acid, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and cardiovascular health effects. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pomegranate juice on inflammation, blood pressure, and vascular and physiological markers associated with obesity induced by a high-fat diet in a murine model. The results show that pomegranate juice reduces the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cLDL) 39% and increases the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cHDL) by 27%, leading to a 12%–18% decrease in the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In addition to reducing blood pressure by 24%, it also had an antiatherogenic effect by decreasing sE-selectin levels by 42%. On the other hand, the juice significantly increased adiponectin levels in adipose tissue, decreased levels of inflammation markers (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)), and inhibited the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Pomegranate juice requires clinical studies to prove its immunoregulatory and therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and atherogenic risks.

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Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: The Future

Cited by 63 publications

References 93 publications

Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Morphological Changes in the Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Density and Biological Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Subjects with Moderate Obesity Undergoing a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Morphological Changes in the Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Density and Biological Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Subjects with Moderate Obesity Undergoing a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet

The “Common Soil Hypothesis” Revisited—Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Inflammation Markers in Adipose Tissue and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction by Pomegranate Juice in Obesity Induced by a Hypercaloric Diet in Wistar Rats

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