Inflammation and changes in cytokine levels in neurological feline infectious peritonitis

Foley, Janet E.; Rand, C.; Leutenegger, Christian M.

doi:10.1016/s1098-612x(03)00048-2

Cited by 59 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Specifically, although biased by the low number of observations and by the high individual variability, these results suggest that some sequences of FCoV protein N from ''avirulent'' or ''mixed'' strains can stimulate cell-mediated immunity, especially in cats in which cell-mediated immunity is primed by chronic diseases. Future larger studies are required to confirm the possible role of FCoV itself in stimulating the production of IFN-g, the key cytokine of cell-mediated immunity involved in the response against FCoVs and consequently responsible of viral persistence (Gunn-Moore et al, 1998;Dean et al, 2003;Foley et al, 2003;Kiss et al, 2004;Berg et al, 2005;Gelain et al, 2006;Giordano and Paltrinieri, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of IFN-γ in feline whole blood after incubation with potential T-cell epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein of feline coronavirus

Rossi

Cornaro

Battilani³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Microbiology

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Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) plays an important role in cell mediated responses against mutated feline coronavirus strains (FCoV) involved in the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The aim of this study was to establish a combined in silico and in vitro approach to assess feline leukocyte production of IFN-γ in response to selected peptides of the nucleocapside protein (N) of FCoVs. To this aim, we designed, through a bioinformatic approach, 8 potentially immunogenic peptides from the protein N corresponding to sequences of residues 14, 182, 198 detected only in FCoVs from FIP cats (virulent strains), only in FCoVs from healthy cats (avirulent strains) and both in FIP and in healthy cats (mixed strains). The peptides or a sham solution were incubated with whole blood from 16 cats (7 healthy and 9 with chronic diseases other than FIP) and IFN-γ concentration was measured on plasma using an ELISA system. RT-PCR expression of IFN-γ mRNA was also evaluated after incubation of the peptides or a sham solution with whole blood from 4 clinically healthy cats. The mean plasma concentration of IFN-γ in samples incubated with peptides decreased and the expression of IFN-γmRNA did not change compared with the sham solution, except for some cats with chronic diseases (which probably have a "pre-activated" immune response). These cats responded to "avirulent" or "mixed" peptides by increasing the concentration of IFN-γ and the expression of IFN-γ mRNA. The combined approach employed in this study allowed us to identify potentially immunogenic peptides of FCoV N protein that can modulate the production of IFN-γ especially in cats with a "pre-activated" cell mediated response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of IFN-γ in feline whole blood after incubation with potential T-cell epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein of feline coronavirus

Rossi

Cornaro

Battilani³

et al. 2011

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…This method has potential limitations (eg, mRNA can undergo posttranslational modification); however, it is a well validated and commonly used technique in cats. 15,17,37 Additionally, clear interpretation of cytokine profiles is inherently difficult when dealing with a heterogenous population of cells such as PBMCs. The effects of GC on cytokine production depend on which subpopulation of cells is predominantly affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhaled Flunisolide Suppresses the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Axis, but Has Minimal Systemic Immune Effects in Healthy Cats

Reinero

Brownlee

Decile

et al. 2006

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Feline bronchial disease is commonly treated with oral glucocorticoids (OGC), which might be contraindicated in cats with certain infectious, endocrine, renal, or cardiac diseases. Inhalant GC (IGC) maximize local efficacy and minimize systemic bioavailability. We evaluated systemic endocrine and immune effects of IGC (flunisolide, 250 mg/puff q12h) versus OGC (prednisone, 10 mg/d PO) and placebo. Six healthy cats received each drug for 2 weeks followed by a 1-month washout. Testing included determination of single early morning cortisol concentration, results of ACTH stimulation, the urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratio (UC : Cr), lymphocyte phenotype, lymphocyte blastogenesis, serum total IgA and IgM concentrations, and cytokine profiles. Significant differences between treatments were not apparent for serum immunoglobulin concentrations, or expression (mRNA) for the cytokines, interleukin (IL-) 2, IL-4, and IL-10, or gamma interferon. Single early morning cortisol concentration was lower for IGC (0.68 6 0.74 mg/dL), compared with that associated with placebo (2.82 6 1.94 mg/dL; P 5 .033). The ACTH-stimulated peak cortisol concentrations were lower after treatment in cats receiving IGC (before, 8.5 6 50.2 mg/dL; after, 2.9 6 3.3 mg/dL, P 5 .0004), but not OGC (before, 8.0 6 6.1 mg/dL; after, 6.0 6 4.5 mg/dL, P 5 .07). Similarly, UC : Cr (0.8 6 0.8) before IGC was lower than the value (5.02 6 3.62; P 5 .019) after IGC. Compared with placebo, cats given OGC, but not IGC, had significantly lower total percentages of T and B cells. Lymphocyte proliferation was decreased in cats receiving OGC, but not IGC, in comparison with placebo (6.9 6 3.3; 24.0 6 6.5; 18.8 6 14.0, respectively). Significantly more IL-10 mRNA transcription was detected in cats administered OGC or IGC, compared with placebo. Although IGC suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, IGC had minimal effects on the systemic adaptive immune system.

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“…Lung tissue (approximately 10 mg) frozen at –80°C was collected at the level of the 5th slice off the main axial airway of the right middle lung lobe and macerated while adding liquid nitrogen, followed by RNA lysis buffer. TaqMan PCR systems were used as previously described [13, 14]. Final quantitation was done using the comparative CT method (User Bulletin No.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Model of Allergic Asthma in Cats Sensitized to House Dust Mite or Bermuda Grass Allergen

Reinero

Decile

Berghaus³

et al. 2004

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

113

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Background: Animal models are used to mimic human asthma, however, not all models replicate the major characteristics of the human disease. Spontaneous development of asthma with hallmark features similar to humans has been documented to occur with relative frequency in only one animal species, the cat. We hypothesized that we could develop an experimental model of feline asthma using clinically relevant aeroallergens identified from cases of naturally developing feline asthma, and characterize immunologic, physiologic, and pathologic changes over 1 year. Methods: House dust mite (HDMA) and Bermuda grass (BGA) allergen were selected by screening 10 privately owned pet cats with spontaneous asthma using a serum allergen-specific IgE ELISA. Parenteral sensitization and aerosol challenges were used to replicate the naturally developing disease in research cats. The asthmatic phenotype was characterized using intradermal skin testing, serum allergen-specific IgE ELISA, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) IgG and IgA ELISAs, airway hyperresponsiveness testing, BALF cytology, cytokine profiles using TaqMan PCR, and histopathologic evaluation. Results: Sensitization with HDMA or BGA in cats led to allergen-specific IgE production, allergen-specific serum and BALF IgG and IgA production, airway hyperreactivity, airway eosinophilia, an acute T helper 2 cytokine profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and BALF cells, and histologic evidence of airway remodeling. Conclusions: Using clinically relevant aeroallergens to sensitize and challenge the cat provides an additional animal model to study the immunopathophysiologic mechanisms of allergic asthma. Chronic exposure to allergen in the cat leads to a variety of immunologic, physiologic, and pathologic changes that mimic the features seen in human asthma.

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Inflammation and changes in cytokine levels in neurological feline infectious peritonitis

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

Production of IFN-γ in feline whole blood after incubation with potential T-cell epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein of feline coronavirus

Production of IFN-γ in feline whole blood after incubation with potential T-cell epitopes of the nucleocapsid protein of feline coronavirus

Inhaled Flunisolide Suppresses the Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Axis, but Has Minimal Systemic Immune Effects in Healthy Cats

An Experimental Model of Allergic Asthma in Cats Sensitized to House Dust Mite or Bermuda Grass Allergen

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