Inflammation and Immune Activation in Antiretroviral-Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected African Infants and Rotavirus Vaccine Responses

Uprety, Priyanka; Lindsey, Jane C.; Levin, Myron J.; Rainwater-Lovett, Kaitlin; Ziemniak, Carrie; Bwakura-Dangarembizix, Mutsa; Kaplan, Susan S.; Nelson, Micki; Zadzilka, Amanda; Weinberg, Adriana; Persaud, Deborah

doi:10.1093/infdis/jix060

Cited by 14 publications

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“…oral RV1 then other injected vaccines then oral sucrose, or to2. oral sucrose then other injected vaccines then oral RV1RV1 Zaman 2016Study investigated co‐administration of Measles‐rubella vaccines with RV vaccineRV5 / BRV‐TV Saluja 2017RCT of BRV‐TV versus RV5RV5 ACTRN12611000559910Ongoing observational studyRV5 Ciarlet 2008RCT of RV5 vaccine, but no placebo group reportedRV5 El Khoury 2011Mathematical model in BrazilRV5 El Khoury 2011aMathematical model in six Asian countriesRV5 Martinon‐Torres 2017RCT comparing standard versus alternative formulation of RV5RV5 McGrath 2014Not an RCTRV5 NCT00130832 2010Not RCT; open‐label study investigating different schedules of rotavirus and polio vaccine combinations without placeboRV5 NCT00496054Ongoing non‐randomized studyRV5 NCT01926015Staggered versus concomitant administration of DTP‐IPV with RV5RV5 Saleh 2018Standard versus alternative schedule RV5 (NCT01960725)RV5 Tugcu 2009RCT of RV5 vaccine, no placebo group reportedRV5 Uprety 2017Sub‐study of RV5 Levin 2017‐AF, this sub‐study only included participants in the vaccine arm and comparied HIV‐positive to HIV‐exposed but uninfected infants.RV5 Vesikari 2011RCT of RV5 and MenCC vaccines ‐ concomitant or sequential administration, no placebo group reportedRV5 Weinberg 2017Sub‐study of selected participants from RV5 Levin 2017‐AF, reporting only irrelevant outcomes for this review.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Excluded Studies [Ordered By Study Id]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use

Soares‐Weiser

Pitan

Cunliffe

2019

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundRotavirus results in more diarrhoea‐related deaths in children under five years than any other single agent in countries with high childhood mortality. It is also a common cause of diarrhoea‐related hospital admissions in countries with low childhood mortality. Rotavirus vaccines that have been prequalified by the World Health Organization (WHO) include a monovalent vaccine (RV1; Rotarix, GlaxoSmithKline), a pentavalent vaccine (RV5; RotaTeq, Merck), and, more recently, another monovalent vaccine (Rotavac, Bharat Biotech).ObjectivesTo evaluate rotavirus vaccines prequalified by the WHO (RV1, RV5, and Rotavac) for their efficacy and safety in children.Search methodsOn 4 April 2018 we searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (published in the Cochrane Library), Embase, LILACS, and BIOSIS. We also searched the WHO ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov, clinical trial reports from manufacturers' websites, and reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews.Selection criteriaWe selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in children comparing rotavirus vaccines prequalified for use by the WHO versus placebo or no intervention.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently assessed trial eligibility and assessed risks of bias. One review author extracted data and a second author cross‐checked them. We combined dichotomous data using the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We stratified the analysis by country mortality rate and used GRADE to evaluate evidence certainty.Main resultsFifty‐five trials met the inclusion criteria and enrolled a total of 216,480 participants. Thirty‐six trials (119,114 participants) assessed RV1, 15 trials (88,934 participants) RV5, and four trials (8432 participants) Rotavac.RV1Children vaccinated and followed up the first year of lifeIn low‐mortality countries, RV1 prevents 84% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases (RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.26; 43,779 participants, 7 trials; high‐certainty evidence), and probably prevents 41% of cases of severe all‐cause diarrhoea (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.74; 28,051 participants, 3 trials; moderate‐certainty evidence). In high‐mortality countries, RV1 prevents 63% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.60; 6114 participants, 3 trials; high‐certainty evidence), and 27% of severe all‐cause diarrhoea cases (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.95; 5639 participants, 2 trials; high‐certainty evidence).Children vaccinated and followed up for two yearsIn low‐mortality countries, RV1 prevents 82% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.23; 36,002 participants, 9 trials; high‐certainty evidence), and probably prevents 37% of severe all‐cause diarrhoea episodes (rate ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.71; 39,091 participants, 2 trials; moderate‐certainty evidence). In high‐mortality countries RV1 probably prevents 35% of severe rotavirus diarrhoea cases (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.83; 13,768 participants, 2 trials; high‐certainty ev...

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Section: Characteristics Of Excluded Studies [Ordered By Study Id]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use

Soares‐Weiser

Pitan

Cunliffe

2019

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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“…HIV-infected adults treated with ART have a persistent HIV reservoir that is driven by inflammation and immune activation [11]. Infants who have been infected with HIV perinatally also have increased inflammation and immune activation [12*, 13*, 14], yet the contribution of persistent inflammation and immune activation to the maintenance of HIV reservoirs in pediatric populations is not defined. This current opinion piece will discuss the effects of HIV infection on gut dysbiosis, microbial translocation, inflammation and immune activation and HIV reservoirs across the age spectrum from infancy to adulthood, and in elite controllers, their effects on vaccine efficacy, and interventions targeting the microbiome with implications for HIV remission and cure.…”

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confidence: 99%

The microbiome and HIV persistence

Koay

Siems

Persaud³

2018

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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“…The associations between iFABP, inflammation, and immune activation biomarkers were not reported, nor was the effect of early ART evaluated [6]. In this study, we examined intestinal integrity biomarkers in early treated, perinatally HIV-1-infected infants from Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe who were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trial [IMPAACT] P1072) of the safety and immunogenicity of a live, attenuated rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq), in whom we previously characterized inflammation and immune activation profiles [7,8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Intestinal Integrity Biomarkers in Early Antiretroviral-Treated Perinatally HIV-1–Infected Infants

Koay

Lindsey

Uprety

et al. 2018

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) levels did not differ between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- infected infants and uninfected infants exposed to HIV-1, but those who breastfed had substantially lower levels. Zonulin levels increased from 3 to 5.3 months of age with perinatal acquisition of HIV-1 despite early antiretroviral treatment. Biomarkers of intestinal integrity (ie, iFABP and zonulin) were compared in 56 HIV-1-positive African infants who received early antiretroviral treatment and 53 HIV-1-exposed but uninfected (HEU) controls. Despite heightened inflammation and immune activation in HIV-positive infants, iFABP and zonulin levels at 3 months of age were not different from those in HEU infants and largely were not correlated with inflammatory and immune activation biomarkers. However, zonulin levels increased and became significantly higher in HIV-positive infants as compared to HEU infants by 5 months of age, despite viral suppression due to antiretroviral treatment. These findings have implications for intestinal integrity biomarker profiling in perinatal HIV-1 infection.

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Inflammation and Immune Activation in Antiretroviral-Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected African Infants and Rotavirus Vaccine Responses

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use

Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use

The microbiome and HIV persistence

Intestinal Integrity Biomarkers in Early Antiretroviral-Treated Perinatally HIV-1–Infected Infants

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