Inflammation and immune resolution

Abstract

Inspired by the advances presented at the Inflammation and Immune Resolution Plenary Session at the British Society for Immunology Congress, December 2017, in this issue of Clinical & Experimental Immunology we present a Review Series on Inflammation and Immune Resolution. Our selection ranges from an overview of current genetic understanding of the similarities and differences between immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs); discussion of several biological mechanisms underlying the aberrant activation of myeloid cells in RA, and how myeloid cell relevant anti-inflammatory mediators may contribute to immune resolution; presentation of fascinating evidence for the existence of innate immune memory in stromal cells and how this may exacerbate or restrain inflammatory disease; and a review of how the interleukin (IL)-6 family members IL-6 and IL-27 may drive or regulate inflammation. Inflammation and immune resolution are two sides of the same coin: the reviews presented in this series aim to equip readers with greater insight into the delicate balance between the two.

Anti-Interleukin-16-Neutralizing Antibody Attenuates Cardiac Inflammation and Protects against Cardiac Injury in Doxorubicin-Treated Mice

“…Common immune cells, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, are important components of the immune system. In addition to mediating an immune response, these immune cells can also release a large number of inflammatory factors, including IFN, transforming growth factor, chemokines, and ILs [22][23][24]. Multiple ILs, including IL-6, IL-12, and IL-22, are primarily secreted by activated immune cells and are rarely or not secreted by nonimmune cells [25][26][27].…”

Treatment With Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonist BQ123 Attenuates Acute Inflammation in Mice Through T-Cell-Dependent Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Activation

“…Inflammation is a beneficial automatic defense response that protects the body from potential harm caused by infection, injury, or autoimmune damage (32). However, inflammation can also have negative consequences; over-reactive leukocyte infiltration and severe inflammatory cytokine reactions can result in whole-body tissue damage (33)(34)(35)(36).…”

KMU-1170, a Novel Multi-Protein Kinase Inhibitor, Suppresses Inflammatory Signal Transduction in THP-1 Cells and Human Osteoarthritic Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes by Suppressing Activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway

“…Inflammation is a crucial and fundamental immune system response in the body that protects the host from harmful stimuli and maintains tissue homeostasis [ 1 , 2 ]. Although an effective inflammatory response allows survival in the case of infection or injury, excessive or sustained inflammation can lead to diverse pathological conditions, such as asthma, cancer, chronic pain, gout, mental health disorders, nervous breakdown, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis [ 3 ]. Moreover, it is equally important that the inflammatory response to a noxious stimulus is terminated when the stimulus is removed [ 3 ].…”

“…Although an effective inflammatory response allows survival in the case of infection or injury, excessive or sustained inflammation can lead to diverse pathological conditions, such as asthma, cancer, chronic pain, gout, mental health disorders, nervous breakdown, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and vasculitis [ 3 ]. Moreover, it is equally important that the inflammatory response to a noxious stimulus is terminated when the stimulus is removed [ 3 ]. Therefore, the balance between an effective inflammatory response and the anti-inflammatory response is one of the most important conditions for maintaining a healthy state.…”