Inflammation as a risk factor for carotid intimal‐medial thickening, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis in haemodialysis patients: The role of chlamydia and cytomegalovirus infection

Büyükhatipoğlu, Hakan; Tiryaki, Ozlem; Tahta, Kadir; Usalan, Celalettin

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2006.00742.x

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition, the cumulative evidence suggests that infections may induce or promote atherosclerosis (21, 41, 78–82). From our point of view, scientists might readily explain the correlation between infections and atherosclerosis on the basis of the double‐edged sword property of the anti‐infective immune effects of lipoproteins, and might be able to design more rational and systemic experiments to test this correlation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma lipoproteins are important components of the immune system

Han

2010

Microbiology and Immunology

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Plasma lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, Lp[a] and HDL) function primarily in lipid transport among tissues and organs. However, cumulative evidence suggests that lipoproteins may also prevent bacterial, viral and parasitic infections and are therefore a component of innate immunity. Lipoproteins can also detoxify lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. Infections can induce oxidation of LDL, and oxLDL in turn plays important anti‐infective roles and protects against endotoxin‐induced tissue damage. There is also evidence that apo(a) is protective against pathogens. Taken together, the evidence suggests that it might be valuable to introduce the concept that plasma lipoproteins belong in the realm of host immune response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma lipoproteins are important components of the immune system

Han

2010

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Furthermore, SAA but not CRP, directly promotes vascular proteoglycan synthesis in a pro-atherogenic manner [23]. In man, SAA serum levels have been reported to be associated with intima-media thickness (IMT), both in chronic disease and in young healthy asymptomatic subjects [47], [48]. Furthermore, SAA is co-localized with apoB in atherosclerotic lesions in HF fed apoE−/− mice [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a Transgenic Mouse Model Specifically Expressing Human Serum Amyloid A in Adipose Tissue

et al. 2011

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Obesity and obesity co-morbidities are associated with a low grade inflammation and elevated serum levels of acute phase proteins, including serum amyloid A (SAA). In the non-acute phase in humans, adipocytes are major producers of SAA but the function of adipocyte-derived SAA is unknown. To clarify the role of adipocyte-derived SAA, a transgenic mouse model expressing human SAA1 (hSAA) in adipocytes was established. hSAA expression was analysed using real-time PCR analysis. Male animals were challenged with a high fat (HF) diet. Plasma samples were subjected to fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) separation. hSAA, cholesterol and triglyceride content were measured in plasma and in FPLC fractions. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed an adipose tissue-specific hSAA gene expression. Moreover, the hSAA gene expression was not influenced by HF diet. However, hSAA plasma levels in HF fed animals (37.7±4.0 µg/mL, n = 7) were increased compared to those in normal chow fed animals (4.8±0.5 µg/mL, n = 10; p<0.001), and plasma levels in the two groups were in the same ranges as in obese and lean human subjects, respectively. In FPLC separated plasma samples, the concentration of hSAA peaked in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) containing fractions. In addition, cholesterol distribution over the different lipoprotein subfractions as assessed by FPLC analysis was similar within the two experimental groups. The established transgenic mouse model demonstrates that adipose tissue produced hSAA enters the circulation, resulting in elevated plasma levels of hSAA. This new model will enable further studies of metabolic effects of adipose tissue-derived SAA.

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“…Also, oxidative stress, and the associated increase in proinflammatory cytokines, have been linked to malnutrition in ESRD, which constitutes an important axis in the development of high CVD mortality among maintenance HD patients 16 . Ultrasound measurement of carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) helped investigators to assess the possible relationship between atherosclerosis and the potential CVD risk in HD 17–19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease on hemodialysis: Predictors of atherosclerosis and survival

Balsam

Kossi

Lord

et al. 2009

Hemodialysis International

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This could not be explained by the known traditional CVD risk factors. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the factors influencing atherosclerosis, as measured by carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), in HD patients and their impact on cardiovascular mortality. A cohort of 50 patients started on HD was selected for this study. At baseline, IMT and the presence of atheromatous plaques were assessed. Plasma homocysteine (Hcy), malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, von Willebrand factor, vitamins C, E, B(6), B(12), folate, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured. Patients were followed up for 2 years to determine the impact of IMT and associated markers on mortality using survival analysis as well as Cox proportional hazard. At baseline, 40% of the patients had IMT>0.8 mm. They were older, had higher CRP (P<0.001), and lower serum albumin (P=0.03). Intima-media thickness >0.8 mm was associated with high calcium (risk ratio [RR]: 6.06; confidence interval [CI]: 0.75-12.25) and CRP (RR: 10.94 [CI: 2.56-46.74]). Fifteen patients (30%) died during the 2-year follow-up; the main cause of death was CVD (42%). The relative risk mortality was high with increased IMT (RR: 120.04 [CI: 4.18-3445.9]), Index of Coexistent Disease for CVD (RR: 4.04 [CI: 1.92-8.5]), and plasma Hcy (RR: 1.08 [CI: 1.02-1.13]). Markers of inflammation and increased serum calcium were significant predictors of increased carotid artery IMT. High IMT, Index of Coexistent Disease, and Hcy were associated with a high RR of all-cause mortality among a cohort of HD patients.

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Inflammation as a risk factor for carotid intimal‐medial thickening, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis in haemodialysis patients: The role of chlamydia and cytomegalovirus infection

Abstract: We conclude that atherosclerotic changes are more common in HD patients than in controls, and that inflammatory processes may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Plasma lipoproteins are important components of the immune system

Plasma lipoproteins are important components of the immune system

Establishment of a Transgenic Mouse Model Specifically Expressing Human Serum Amyloid A in Adipose Tissue

Cardiovascular disease on hemodialysis: Predictors of atherosclerosis and survival

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