Inflammation in Coronary Atherosclerosis: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven immune-inflammatory disease that affects the arteries, leading to multifocal plaque development. The inflammatory process involves the activation of immune cells and various inflammatory pathways. Anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to be effective in reducing cardiovascular events in individuals with coronary disease. However, their use is still limited due to concerns about long-term follow-up, cost-effectiveness, adverse effects, and the identification of the ideal patient profile to obtain maximum benefits. This review aims to improve the understanding of inflammation in coronary atherosclerosis and explore potential therapeutic interventions, encompassing both traditional and non-traditional anti-inflammatory approaches. By addressing these concepts, we seek to contribute to the advancement of knowledge about this type of treatment for coronary artery disease.

Association of inflammatory markers based on routine blood with prognosis in patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention

“…Coronary atherosclerosis is the major pathological process underlying CAD, [ 6 ] with important molecular mechanisms including pro-inflammatory changes, high oxidative stress environment and endothelial dysfunction. [ 7 ] Clinically, GRACE risk score is most commonly used risk score system for estimating the prognosis for patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes. However, it does not incorporate biomarkers that reflect the underlying pathologic processes of inflammation and oxidative stress.…”

Role of Lipid-Lowering and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies on Plaque Stabilization

“…It inhibits microtubule formation and the polymerization of tubulin and hence suppresses the inflammatory response [ 2 ]. In the vascular bed, colchicine reduces the migration, adhesion, and activation of neutrophils in inflamed endothelium, suppresses the assembly and activation of NLRP3, and reduces inflammatory cytokines that are connected with the development of vulnerable plaques [ 78 , 79 ]. Colchicine reduces MACE rates in patients with CAD [ 80 ].…”

Therapeutic potentials of allicin in cardiovascular disease: advances and future directions

“…After the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, the body’s immune system can be activated, triggering an abnormal autoimmune response that mediates the onset of local inflammation and contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, inflammation plays a significant role in the development and progression of CVD, including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, MI, and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (MIR) injury [ 13 ]. Targeting anti-inflammatory therapies has emerged as a promising strategy.…”