“…ASD themselves are mainly composed of silicon, aluminum, calcium and iron. Occurring in the Gobi Desert and the Ocher Plateau, ASD mix various chemical and biological materials such as sulfate (SO 4 2-), nitrate (NO 3 -), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), pollen, bacteria and fungi (Ho et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2009;Maki et al, 2008Maki et al, , 2010Mori et al, 2002Mori et al, , 2003Tamamura et al, 2007;Wu et al, 2004;Yamada et al, 2012;Yeo & Kim 2002). The characteristic of ASD can change during its long-range transport, and it is concerned that not only ASD themselves but also materials adhered to ASD cause adverse health effects Naota et al, 2010Naota et al, , 2012Yanagisawa et al, 2007).…”