Inflammatory biomarkers in saliva: assessing the strength of association of diabetes mellitus and periodontal status with the oral inflammatory burden

Yoon, Angela J.; Cheng, Bin; Philipone, Elizabeth; Turner, Ryan; Lamster, Ira B.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01866.x

Cited by 62 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Its role and connection with several pathological [77,78] and physiological states [79,80] enables suitable analysis and predictions. Whilst saliva diagnostics have been predominantly utilised in the detection of oral diseases such as Sjögren [81] and Beçhet syndromes and oral tumours [82], they have been proposed as reliable and accurate predictors of several other illnesses, diseases, and exercise-induced stress changes as previously reviewed [83].…”

Section: Use In Exercise Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine

Lindsay

Costello

2016

Sports Med

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Accurate monitoring of homeostatic perturbations following various psychophysiological stressors is essential in sports and exercise medicine. Various biomarkers are routinely used as monitoring tools in both clinical and elite sport settings. Blood collection and muscle biopsies, both invasive in nature, are considered the gold standard for the analysis of these biomarkers in exercise science. Exploring non-invasive methods of collecting and analysing biomarkers that are capable of providing accurate information regarding exercise-induced physiological and psychological stress is of obvious practical importance. This review describes the potential benefits, and the limitations, of using saliva and urine to ascertain biomarkers capable of identifying important stressors that are routinely encountered before, during, or after intense or unaccustomed exercise, competition, over-training, and inappropriate recovery. In particular, we focus on urinary and saliva biomarkers that have previously been used to monitor muscle damage, inflammation, cardiovascular stress, oxidative stress, hydration status, and brain distress. Evidence is provided from a range of empirical studies suggesting that urine and saliva are both capable of identifying various stressors. Although additional research regarding the efficacy of using urine and/or saliva to indicate the severity of exercise-induced psychophysiological stress is required, it is likely that these non-invasive biomarkers will represent "the future" in sports and exercise medicine.

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Section: Use In Exercise Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine

Lindsay

Costello

2016

Sports Med

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“…β -Glucuronidase levels in saliva are a marker of neutrophil influx into GCF and salivary levels of this enzyme correlate with the severity of periodontitis [72, 115]. Also, measurements of salivary glutathione peroxidase, as a marker of neutrophil antioxidant capacity, show that the levels of this enzyme are significantly elevated in periodontitis [102, 116].…”

Section: Protein Biomarkers Of Periodontitis: Candidate Protein Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Biomarkers of Periodontitis in Saliva

Taylor

2014

ISRN Inflammation

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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the tissues that surround and support the teeth and is initiated by inappropriate and excessive immune responses to bacteria in subgingival dental plaque leading to loss of the integrity of the periodontium, compromised tooth function, and eventually tooth loss. Periodontitis is an economically important disease as it is time-consuming and expensive to treat. Periodontitis has a worldwide prevalence of 5–15% and the prevalence of severe disease in western populations has increased in recent decades. Furthermore, periodontitis is more common in smokers, in obesity, in people with diabetes, and in heart disease patients although the pathogenic processes underpinning these links are, as yet, poorly understood. Diagnosis and monitoring of periodontitis rely on traditional clinical examinations which are inadequate to predict patient susceptibility, disease activity, and response to treatment. Studies of the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis and analysis of mediators in saliva have allowed the identification of many potentially useful biomarkers. Convenient measurement of these biomarkers using chairside analytical devices could form the basis for diagnostic tests which will aid the clinician and the patient in periodontitis management; this review will summarise this field and will identify the experimental, technical, and clinical issues that remain to be addressed before such tests can be implemented.

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“…TNF-α can cause a variety of biological effects when acting on different target cells. When acting on fibroblasts, it can promote cell proliferation and the generation of prostaglandin 2; when acting on vascular endothelial cells, it can increase vascular permeability; and when acting on bone and cartilage tissue, it can cause bone absorption (27,28). These characteristics of TNF-α suggest that it is associated with the destruction of the connective tissue of the periodontal tissue and the alveolar bone absorption (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of β-anhydroicaritin on the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in periodontal tissue of diabetic rats

Wang

2015

Molecular Medicine Reports

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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of β-anhydroicaritin on the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and the pathological changes in the periodontal tissue of diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats (n=40; three months old) were randomly divided into four groups: Normal control group, diabetes group, diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group and diabetes + urate group, (n=10 in each group). Following an overnight fast, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. The rats were maintained for 12 weeks and the blood sugar, urine sugar and body weight were assessed in week 12. Histological changes of the periodontal tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the expression levels of TNF-α and MMP-3 were observed by immunohistochemistry. Following 12 weeks, the TNF-α grey value in the diabetes group was significantly lower compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between TNF-α levels in the diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group, diabetes + urate group and the control group (P>0.05). However, TNF-α levels in the diabetes + β-anhdroicaritin group and diabetes + urate group were significantly higher compared with those in the diabetes group (P<0.05), and those in the diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group were lower compared with those in the diabetes + urate group (P<0.05). The MMP-3 grey value in the diabetes group was significantly lower compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between MMP-3 levels in the diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group, diabetes + urate group and the control group (P>0.05). However, MMP-3 levels the diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group and diabetes + urate group were significantly higher compared with those in the diabetes group (P<0.05), and those in the diabetes + β-anhydroicaritin group were lower compared with those in the diabetes + urate group (P<0.01). β-anhydroicaritin normalized the expression levels of TNF-α and MMP-3 in the periodontal tissue of diabetic rats and led to the recovery of the changes in the morphological structure of the periodontal tissue.

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Inflammatory biomarkers in saliva: assessing the strength of association of diabetes mellitus and periodontal status with the oral inflammatory burden

Cited by 62 publications

References 29 publications

Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine

Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine

Protein Biomarkers of Periodontitis in Saliva

Effect of β-anhydroicaritin on the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in periodontal tissue of diabetic rats

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