Inflammatory chronic disease of the colon: How to image

Ambrosini, Roberta; Barchiesi, Annalisa; Mizio, Veronica Di; Terlizzi, M. Di; Leo, Luca; Filippone, Antonella; Canalis, L.; Fossaceca, Rita; Carriero, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.07.028

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The colons of p105 −/− mice were often devoid of solid feces and evidently shorter and more rigid (Fig. 1A), typical macroscopic features of IBD and experimental colitis (34, 35). Large leukocyte follicles (colonic patches) were frequently detected in the colons of p105 −/− mice at different ages but were not found in the control colons (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NF-κB1 p105 Regulates T Cell Homeostasis and Prevents Chronic Inflammation

Chang

Lee

Fitzpatrick

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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Transcription factor NF-κB is regulated by a family of inhibitors, IκBs, as well as the NF-κB1 and NF-κB2 precursor proteins, p105 and p100. Although the different NF-κB inhibitors can all inhibit NF-κB in vitro, their physiological functions are incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrate that p105 plays an important role in the regulation of T cell homeostasis and prevention of chronic inflammation. Mice lacking p105, but expressing the mature NF-κB1 p50, spontaneously develop intestinal inflammation with features of human inflammatory bowel disease. This inflammatory disorder occurs under specific pathogen-free conditions and critically involves T cells. Consistently, the p105-deficient mice have reduced frequency of naive T cells and increased frequency of memory/effector T cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs. Although p105 is dispensable for the production of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, p105 deficiency renders CD4 T cells more resistant to Treg-mediated inhibition. We further show that the loss of p105 results in hyperproduction of Th17 subset of inflammatory T cells. Together, these findings suggest a critical role for NF-κB1 p105 in the regulation of T cell homeostasis and differentiation and the control of chronic inflammation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NF-κB1 p105 Regulates T Cell Homeostasis and Prevents Chronic Inflammation

Chang

Lee

Fitzpatrick

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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“…The presence of extra‐luminal features may favour either ITB or CD. Functional MRI with improved luminal contrast techniques and CT enteroclysis allow better fistula definition and distinction between bowel wall fibrosis and inflammation; 107, 108 however, the diagnostic capabilities of these new imaging modalities in environments with high rates for TB is unknown. At present conventional radiology in the majority of cases is not diagnostic.…”

Section: Radiology In the Differentiation Of Crohn’s Disease From Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease in populations with high‐risk rates for tuberculosis

Epstein

Watermeyer

Kirsch

2007

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

129

145

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Summary Background Distinguishing Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis in endemic areas is challenging as both conditions have overlapping clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological characteristics. Furthermore, high rates of latent tuberculosis confer a considerable risk of reactivation once therapy for established Crohn’s disease is started. Aim To review current strategies in differentiating these two conditions, and in managing Crohn’s disease, in populations with high rates of tuberculosis. Methods Literature review and clinical experience. Results While various clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological parameters may aid in differentiating Crohn’s disease from intestinal tuberculosis, these remain imperfect and as treatment options differ misdiagnosis has grave consequences. We propose a diagnostic algorithm, based on currently available evidence and experience, to aid in this dilemma. We also discuss approaches to the management of Crohn’s disease, including agents targeting tumour necrosis factor‐α, in patients at risk of developing tuberculosis. Conclusions A diagnosis of Crohn’s disease in individuals at risk for tuberculosis should only be made after careful interpretation of clinical signs, abdominal imaging and systematic endoscopic and histological assessment. Newer techniques for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis still need to be validated in this environment, and guidelines on the treatment of latent tuberculosis in this setting require clarification.

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“…A comparison of M . paratuberculosis prevalence in patients with CD, UC and controls was undertaken and in addition, samples from patients with aphthous ulcers of the GI tract (as opposed to oral aphthous ulcers) were included as it is currently believed that these are likely precursors of CD [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Timms

Daskalopoulos²,

Mitchell

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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The association of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) with Crohn’s disease is a controversial issue. M. paratuberculosis is detected by amplifying the IS900 gene, as microbial culture is unreliable from humans. We determined the presence of M. paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) (n = 22), ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 20), aphthous ulcers (n = 21) and controls (n = 42) using PCR assays validated on bovine tissue. Culture from human tissue was also performed. M. paratuberculosis prevalence in the CD and UC groups was compared to the prevalence in age and sex matched non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. Patients and controls were determined to be M. paratuberculosis positive if all three PCR assays were positive. A significant association was found between M. paratuberculosis and Crohn’s disease (p = 0.02) that was not related to age, gender, place of birth, smoking or alcohol intake. No significant association was detected between M. paratuberculosis and UC or aphthous ulcers; however, one M. paratuberculosis isolate was successfully cultured from a patient with UC. We report the resistance of this isolate to ethambutol, rifampin, clofazamine and streptomycin. Interestingly this isolate could not only survive but could grow slowly at 5°C. We demonstrate a significant association between M. paratuberculosis and CD using multiple pre-validated PCR assays and that M. paratuberculosis can be isolated from patients with UC.

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Inflammatory chronic disease of the colon: How to image

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

NF-κB1 p105 Regulates T Cell Homeostasis and Prevents Chronic Inflammation

NF-κB1 p105 Regulates T Cell Homeostasis and Prevents Chronic Inflammation

Review article: the diagnosis and management of Crohn’s disease in populations with high‐risk rates for tuberculosis

The Association of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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