Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Atherosclerosis: Current Pharmaceutical Perspectives

Sagris, Μarios; Theofilis, Panagiotis; Antonopoulos, Alexios S; Tsioufis, Costas; Oikonomou, Evangelos; Antoniades, Charalambos; Crea, Filippo; Kaski, Juan Carlos; Tousoulis, Dimitris

doi:10.3390/ijms22126607

Cited by 63 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…The assessment of the arterial system indicated more frequent carotid plaques in post-SARS-CoV-2 participants compared with matched controls, while CIMT was comparable between groups. Whether this finding may be fully explained by the higher susceptibility of patients with the prevalent atherosclerotic disease for COVID-19 34,35 or to some extent also by common immunological pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2 infections and atherosclerosis 36 needs to be addressed in future longitudinal studies. Lower peak systolic flow velocities in the carotid arteries in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection are in line with the trend towards a lower ejection fraction and presence of carotid plaques, as these parameters were reported to be associated recently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-organ assessment in mainly non-hospitalized individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection: The Hamburg City Health Study COVID programme

Petersen¹,

Goßling²,

Adam

et al. 2022

European Heart Journal

135

120

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Aims Long-term sequelae may occur after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We comprehensively assessed organ-specific functions in individuals after mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with controls from the general population. Methods and results Four hundred and forty-three mainly non-hospitalized individuals were examined in median 9.6 months after the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test and matched for age, sex, and education with 1328 controls from a population-based German cohort. We assessed pulmonary, cardiac, vascular, renal, and neurological status, as well as patient-related outcomes. Bodyplethysmography documented mildly lower total lung volume (regression coefficient −3.24, adjusted P = 0.014) and higher specific airway resistance (regression coefficient 8.11, adjusted P = 0.001) after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardiac assessment revealed slightly lower measures of left (regression coefficient for left ventricular ejection fraction on transthoracic echocardiography −0.93, adjusted P = 0.015) and right ventricular function and higher concentrations of cardiac biomarkers (factor 1.14 for high-sensitivity troponin, 1.41 for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, adjusted P ≤ 0.01) in post-SARS-CoV-2 patients compared with matched controls, but no significant differences in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings. Sonographically non-compressible femoral veins, suggesting deep vein thrombosis, were substantially more frequent after SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio 2.68, adjusted P < 0.001). Glomerular filtration rate (regression coefficient −2.35, adjusted P = 0.019) was lower in post-SARS-CoV-2 cases. Relative brain volume, prevalence of cerebral microbleeds, and infarct residuals were similar, while the mean cortical thickness was higher in post-SARS-CoV-2 cases. Cognitive function was not impaired. Similarly, patient-related outcomes did not differ. Conclusion Subjects who apparently recovered from mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection show signs of subclinical multi-organ affection related to pulmonary, cardiac, thrombotic, and renal function without signs of structural brain damage, neurocognitive, or quality-of-life impairment. Respective screening may guide further patient management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-organ assessment in mainly non-hospitalized individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection: The Hamburg City Health Study COVID programme

Petersen¹,

Goßling²,

Adam

et al. 2022

European Heart Journal

135

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These molecules mediate platelet agglutination, as well as monocyte-endothelial cell attachment. This event combined with the endothelial damage induced in the atrium of a patient affected by AF severely increases the risk of thrombus formation [ 56 , 57 , 58 ] ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrial Fibrillation: Pathogenesis, Predisposing Factors, and Genetics

Sagris

Vardas

Theofilis

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

186

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia managed in clinical practice, and it is linked to an increased risk of death, stroke, and peripheral embolism. The Global Burden of Disease shows that the estimated prevalence of AF is up to 33.5 million patients. So far, successful therapeutic techniques have been implemented, with a high health-care cost burden. As a result, identifying modifiable risk factors for AF and suitable preventive measures may play a significant role in enhancing community health and lowering health-care system expenditures. Several mechanisms, including electrical and structural remodeling of atrial tissue, have been proposed to contribute to the development of AF. This review article discusses the predisposing factors in AF including the different pathogenic mechanisms, sedentary lifestyle, and dietary habits, as well as the potential genetic burden.

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“…[1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] .…”

Section: Uncited Referencesunclassified

Severe stroke in patients admitted to intensive care unit after COVID-19 infection: Pictorial essay of a case series

Deana¹,

Bagatto²

2022

Brain Hemorrhages

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Patients infected by COVID-19 could require intensive care unit admission especially due to acute respiratory failure. However, neurological manifestations are very common. Among these, ischemic stroke or cerebral hemorrhage may have unfavorable outcome. The mechanisms leading to cerebral damage by SARS-CoV2 are still under debate. One of the most accepted theories implies an endothelial activation which in turns increase the risk of thrombus formation with the development of stroke, either ischemic or hemorrhagic. The more severe the COVID-19 disease, the higher the risk of stroke. Stroke in ICU patients are not frequent, but cerebral hemorrhage has devastating effects with high mortality. In these pictorial essay of case reports, main clinical aspects are discussed, along with a summary of the evidence about pathophysiology and treatment of these patients.

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Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Atherosclerosis: Current Pharmaceutical Perspectives

Cited by 63 publications

References 104 publications

Multi-organ assessment in mainly non-hospitalized individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection: The Hamburg City Health Study COVID programme

Multi-organ assessment in mainly non-hospitalized individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection: The Hamburg City Health Study COVID programme

Atrial Fibrillation: Pathogenesis, Predisposing Factors, and Genetics

Severe stroke in patients admitted to intensive care unit after COVID-19 infection: Pictorial essay of a case series

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