Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor after breast prosthesis: A case report and literature review

Abstract

BACKGROUND Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are defined as tumors composed of differentiated myofibroblastic spindle cells, usually accompanied by numerous plasma cells and lymphocytes, and classified as intermediate (occasionally metastatic) by the World Health Organization. Its pathogenesis and biological behavior have not yet been elucidated. Breast IMT is extremely rare, and prosthesis implantation combined with IMT has not been reported. This study reports a case of IMT following resection of a malignant phyllodes tumor of the left breast and implantation of a prosthesis. CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old female presented to our hospital with a mass in the left breast for 3 mo. The patient had undergone resection of a large mass in her left breast pathologically diagnosed as a malignant phyllodes tumor and implantation of a prosthesis five years prior. Ultrasonic examination revealed an oval mass in the left breast, and the patient underwent left breast mass resection and prosthesis removal. Light microscopy revealed the spindle cells to be diffusely proliferated, with a large number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the spindle cells were partially positive for smooth muscle actin, which is positive for BCL-2 and cluster of differentiation (CD) 99 but were negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase, cytokeratin, S-100 protein, desmin, and CD34. The final diagnosis was IMT. No recurrence or metastasis was observed during the 5-year postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSION Prosthesis implantation may be one of the causes of IMT, but further investigation is necessary to prove it.

Laparoscopic treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in liver: A case report

“…The incidence outside the lungs and in the liver is about 8%[ 10 ]. IMTL is a rare borderline tumor[ 11 ]. In recent years, IMTL has been simply divided into lymphoplasmacytic and fibrous histiocytic types[ 12 ].…”

Imaging findings of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in the breast: a case description and literature analysis

“…Previous studies have reported that rare disease occurs in people at all age stages with a major female preponderance, and the average age of onset is 44.6 years old (age range: 13–86 years) ( 13 , 14 ). There are no specificity in the clinical symptoms.…”

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the breast: a case report and review of the literature

“…IMT occurs at a wide range of ages, especially in children and younger adolescents, and it may occur in any soft tissue or visceral location. For example, there are many reports of IMT in the lungs, mesentery, omentum, pelvic organs, mediastinum, larynx, central nervous system, and retroperitoneum [ 2 , 3 ]. However, primary IMT of the breast is uncommon, and recurrence and metastasis are fairly rare.…”