Inflammatory Potential of the Diet and Incidence of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in the EPIC-Spain Cohort

Abstract

Diet may influence the development of inflammatory bowel disease through the modulation of inflammation. We investigated whether the inflammatory potential of the diet is associated with the risk of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). The study included 32,633 participants aged 29–69 years. The inflammatory potential of the diet was measured by using an inflammatory score of the diet (ISD) based on a baseline dietary history questionnaire. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 21 years (674,547 person-years) of follow-up, 32 and 57 participants developed CD and UC, respectively. In multivariable analysis, a one-standard deviation (SD) increment in the ISD (two-unit increase) was associated with a higher risk of CD (HR of 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05–2.80; p = 0.031). By contrast, ISD was not associated with UC (HR for one-SD increment of 0.89; 95% CI: 0.66–1.19; p = 0.436). Our results suggest that consuming a more pro-inflammatory diet may contribute to the risk of CD, supporting that a healthy diet might be beneficial in its prevention. Further, larger studies are needed to verify these findings.

Associations of dietary patterns between age 9 and 24 months with risk of celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease among children at increased risk

“…A western diet, characterized by high intake of saturated fats, sugar, and ultraprocessed foods and low intake of fiber, has been associated with the increased risk of allergic and chronic inflammatory conditions [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] ] as well as with higher levels of proinflammatory biomarkers [ 14 ]. More recently, a prudent dietary pattern high in vegetables, potatoes, pasta, and rice, and low in refined cereals and sweetened beverages, was recently associated with the reduced risk of CDA in a small study on children [ 15 ].…”

Microbiota intestinal associada à inflamação e permeabilidade intestinal em pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais em remissão clínica

“…As evidências disponíveis sugerem que a dieta influencia a composição da MI e a inflamação intestinal por meio de diferentes mecanismos, que incluem fornecimento e restrição de substratos para o meio, regulação do pH, produção de metabólitos e interações com o sistema imune local (118,119). Da mesma forma que nutrientes impactam a composição da microbiota e inflamação, também é descrito o impacto destes sobre a permeabilidade intestinal.…”