Inflammatory Response and PM2.5 Exposure of Urban Traffic Conductors

Chao, How‐Ran; Hsu, Jhih-Wei; Ku, Hsiu-Ying; Wang, Shuli; Huang, Han-Bin; Liou, Saou-Hsing; Tsou, Tsui‐Chun

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2018.04.0132

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In regard to the effects on the window opening, our study displayed that household NO 2 and PM 2.5 concentrations during window opening periods were significantly higher than that during reference periods. NO X and PM were related to traffic emissions [24,32], and most of the houses in Taiwan were adjacent to roads, so window opening might increase indoor NO 2 and PM 2.5 . For the influence of cooking, there were many simulated experiments exploring the air pollutant emissions of cooking-related fuel combustion [29,[33][34][35][36], and they demonstrated that CO, CO 2 , NO X , and PM 2.5 would be emitted by the process of the experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooking/Window Opening and Associated Increases of Indoor PM2.5 and NO2 Concentrations of Children’s Houses in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

et al. 2019

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High concentrations of air pollutants and increased morbidity and mortality rates are found in industrial areas, especially for the susceptible group, children; however, most studies use atmospheric dispersion modeling to estimate household air pollutants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the indoor air quality, e.g., CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, O3, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and their influence factors in children’s homes in an industrial city. Children in the “general school”, “traffic school”, and “industrial school” were randomly and proportionally selected. Air pollutants were sampled for 24 h in the living rooms and on the balcony of their houses and questionnaires of time–microenvironment–activity-diary were recorded. The indoor CO concentration of the traffic area was significantly higher than that of the industrial area and the general area. In regard to the effects of window opening, household NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations during window opening periods were significantly higher than of the reference periods. For the influence of cooking, indoor CO2, NO2, and PM2.5 levels during the cooking periods were significantly higher than that of the reference periods. The indoor air quality of children in industrial cities were affected by residential areas and household activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooking/Window Opening and Associated Increases of Indoor PM2.5 and NO2 Concentrations of Children’s Houses in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

et al. 2019

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“…The PM 2.5induced toxicity in rat lung epithelial cells was found to be cytotoxic and it also caused severe oxidative damage to the cells (Choi et al, 2004). It was also found out that people who were exposed to TRAP PM 2.5 having higher levels of proinflammatory biomarkers such as TNF-α which is an indicator that PM 2.5 from traffic sources is a significant contributing factor to the increase of systemic inflammation in humans (Brucker et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2013;Chao et al, 2018). Additionally, a report indicated strong associations between TRAP PM 2.5 exposure and adverse health effects like atopic diseases and allergic sensitization (Morgenstern et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…PM 2.5 can be emitted directly into the air due to anthropogenic activities or it can be formed in the atmosphere, creating secondary particles (Lu et al, 2019;Lisetskii et al, 2019). PM 2.5 has also been identified as one of the major contributor in traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) (Chao et al, 2018;Xiang et al, 2019;Min et al, 2020). Motor vehicle traffic is an important source of harmful emissions of PM 2.5 in the cities of developing countries (Kinney et al, 2011;Brown et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Assessment of Heavily Traffic-related Fine Particulate Matter Using an in-vivo Wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Chung

Huang

Avelino

et al. 2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In association with the mortality rate due to air pollution, vehicular emitted fine particles (PM 2.5) are a threat to public health. PM 2.5-induced in-vivo studies on environmental microorganisms can be used to assess the adverse impacts of PM 2.5 on human health. In the present study, the toxicity of traffic-related-air-pollutant (TRAP) PM 2.5 was evaluated in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) using different toxicological endpoints such as lethality, survivability (lifespan), behavioral (head thrashing and body bending), and reproduction (brood size). The TRAP PM 2.5 sample were collected in Taichung City, Taiwan from Mar 24 to April 15 in 2018. Of these 23 day samples, three samples (Days A, B, and C) were randomly selected. The results showed that no immediate lethality was observed after acute (24 h) exposure of the nematodes. On the other hand, sublethal endpoints of reproduction exhibited statistically significant dose-dependent reduction, although Day A and Day C did not decrease the egg-laying capability of the worms. For the neurological toxicity, it is inferred that the higher the PM 2.5 concentrations, the more the adverse effects of neurobehavior (head trashing and body bending) it poses on the C. elegans. The lifespans of nematodes exposed to heavily TRAP PM 2.5 were significantly shortened compared with those of untreated ones based on survival rate. The nematodes exposed PM 2.5 models not only posed potentially adverse health effects on human but also represented ecotoxic impacts on the ecosystem. In conclusion, heavy concentrations of TRAP PM 2.5 significantly and severely disrupted toxicological endpoints of neurology and reproduction to C. elegans. TRAP PM 2.5 significantly shortened the lifespan of the nematodes compared with the control. TRAP PM 2.5 might more severely influenced the specific toxic endpoints, such as lifespan and neurobehavira, in this in-vivo models compared with the reproductive endpoints.

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“…Furthermore, one study pointed out not only, an immediate decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in response to an increase of most gaseous and particulate pollutants, but also an increase in lymphocytes and monocytes in association with all gaseous pollutants, ultrafine particles, and NO x , respectively, particularly in people with chronic pulmonary diseases [ 8 ]. On the other hand, inflammatory response is implicated as a biological mechanism that links PM with health effects [ 9 ]. C-reactive protein (CRP), which is an important acute phase reactant with profound proinflammatory properties, is used clinically as an indicator of the presence and intensity of inflammation studies, suggesting that CRP levels increase in response to PM exposure [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations and Changes of Haematological Markers among Active People Living in Polluted City: The Case of Douala, Cameroon

Eloge

Nadine

Dabou

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Urban air pollution, despite its dangerous health impact, is poorly studied in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Epidemiological data on this silent killer are almost non-existent for cities of Cameroon, which seems to be one of the sSA countries where populations are highly exposed to air pollutants. Objective: The present study was conducted in Douala city, and aimed at determining the association of urban air quality degradation with respiratory and systemic health in active populations exposed to air pollutants on a daily basis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in 1182 active people consisting of motorbikes drivers (MD), outdoor urban workers (UW), and fuel station sellers (FSS). A standardized questionnaire was used to document participants’ data. One hundred and twenty-six (126) motorbike drivers were selected to evaluate the relationship between haematological (white blood cells, platelets) and inflammatory (C-reactive protein—CRP) biomarkers, and air pollution; compared with those of a sixty-five (65) motorbike drivers’ control group enrolled in Dschang, another town situated at about 216.3 km from Douala. Results: Among those recruited in urban Douala, some respiratory disorders such as running nostrils, colds, common fever, sore throats, dry cough, wheezing, chest pain, shortness of breath and systemic symptoms such as headaches, eye irritation, conjunctivitis, watery eyes and general tiredness were very common among MD, UW, and FSS. Regarding biological data, blood monocytes, lymphocytes and CRP were found to be significantly increased among selected MD in Douala, compared to control groups in Dschang. Conversely, a more significant decrease in blood neutrophil level was observed among MD in Douala than control groups in Dschang. These changes of haematological markers were significantly associated with place of residence, site of activity, and daily duration. Conclusion: Our results suggest the risk of suffering from respiratory impairments and systemic symptoms with exposure to urban air pollution among active people working near highways in Douala.

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Inflammatory Response and PM2.5 Exposure of Urban Traffic Conductors

Cited by 24 publications

References 48 publications

Cooking/Window Opening and Associated Increases of Indoor PM2.5 and NO2 Concentrations of Children’s Houses in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Cooking/Window Opening and Associated Increases of Indoor PM2.5 and NO2 Concentrations of Children’s Houses in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Toxic Assessment of Heavily Traffic-related Fine Particulate Matter Using an in-vivo Wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Clinical Manifestations and Changes of Haematological Markers among Active People Living in Polluted City: The Case of Douala, Cameroon

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