Inflammatory response of gut, spleen, and liver in mice induced by orally administeredPorphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract

Background Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a primary periopathogen in the initiation and development of periodontal disease. Evidence has shown that P. gingivalis is associated with systemic diseases, including IBD and fatty liver disease. Inflammatory response is a key feature of diseases related to this species. Methods C57BL/6 mice were administered either PBS, or P. gingivalis . After 9 weeks, the inflammatory response in gut, spleen, and liver was analyzed. Results The findings revealed significant disturbance of the intestinal microbiota and increased inflammatory factors in the gut of P. gingivalis -administered mice. Administrated P. gingivalis remarkably promoted the secretion of IRF-1 and activated the inflammatory pathway IFN-γ/STAT1 in the spleen. Histologically, mice treated with P. gingivalis exhibited hepatocyte damage and lipid deposition. The inflammatory factors IL-17a, IL-6, and ROR-γt were also upregulated in the liver of mice fed with P. gingivalis . Lee’s index, spleen index, and liver index were also increased. Conclusion These results suggest that administrated P. gingivalis evokes inflammation in gut, spleen, and liver, which might promote the progression of various systemic diseases.

Inoculation of Newborn Lambs with Ruminal Solids Derived from Adult Goats Reprograms the Development of Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolome and Favors Growth Performance

“…39 Porphyromonas is associated with systemic diseases, evoking inflammation in the gut, spleen, and liver. 40 In our study, Rikenellaceae_RC9_-gut_group were negatively correlated with downregulated metabolites of arachidonic acid (11-HDoHE, dinoprost, 15keto prostaglandin F1α, TxB3, 11β-prostaglandin F2α, 8-iso prostaglandin F2α, 8-iso prostaglandin F2β), and Bile acids(Chaps), and positively correlated with the upregulated metabolites of bile acids (chenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodesoxycholic acid), Porphyromonas was just the opposite. Enzymatically oxidized lipids, derived from the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and bile acids, are produced in response to extracellular stimuli, which function in the resolution of inflammation and the immune response.…”

“…Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group promotes intestinal mucosal health and is positively correlated with host feed utilization rate and SCFA metabolism . Porphyromonas is associated with systemic diseases, evoking inflammation in the gut, spleen, and liver . In our study, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were negatively correlated with downregulated metabolites of arachidonic acid (11-HDoHE, dinoprost, 15-keto prostaglandin F1α, TxB3, 11β-prostaglandin F2α, 8-iso prostaglandin F2α, 8-iso prostaglandin F2β), and Bile acids­(Chaps), and positively correlated with the upregulated metabolites of bile acids (chenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodesoxycholic acid), Porphyromonas was just the opposite.…”

HPV-related anal cancer is associated with changes in the anorectal microbiome during cancer development

“…More specifically, Porphyromonas gingivalis has been well-associated with the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal cancers. In mice orally administered Porphyromonas gingivalis , the mRNA levels of IFN-gamma were elevated in the gut ( 48 ). In CRC, Fusobacterium is associated with tumor carcinogenesis, high disease stage, poor tumor differentiation, poor prognosis ( 49 ) and metastatic disease ( 50 , 51 ).…”

Lipopolysaccharides derived fromPorphyromonas gingivalisandEscherichia coli:differential and interactive effects on novelty-induced hyperlocomotion, blood cytokine levels and TRL4-related processes

“…Furthermore, animal experiments have shown that systemic inflammation induces increases in spleen mass [18]. For example, repeated oral administration of Pg has been found to increase spleen weight in mice [19]. The spleen plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses by promoting the differentiation and activation of T and B cells.…”