Inflammatory Responses Induced by the Monophasic Variant of Salmonella Typhimurium in Pigs Play a Role in the High Shedder Phenotype and Fecal Microbiota Composition

Abstract

Salmonellosis remains the most frequent human foodborne zoonosis after campylobacteriosis and pork meat is considered one of the major sources of human foodborne infections. At the farm, host heterogeneity in pig infection is problematic.

Predicting the Next Superspreader

“…Knowledge about S. Typhimurium pathogenesis is largely derived from studies on isolates belonging to the latter subdivision, whereas the monophasic S. Typhimurium clade remains poorly studied. Here, Kempf and coworkers investigated which properties are associated with high fecal shedding of monophasic S. Typhimurium in pigs ( 8 ).…”

“…The new research shows that enhanced shedding of monophasic S. Typhimurium with the feces of pigs is associated with higher proinflammatory cytokine levels during, but not prior to, infection ( 8 ). Furthermore, the superspreader phenotype of monophasic S. Typhimurium in pigs is associated with changes in the microbiota composition during infection that predict a functional enrichment for pathways involved in anaerobic respiration ( 8 ).…”

“…The new research shows that enhanced shedding of monophasic S. Typhimurium with the feces of pigs is associated with higher proinflammatory cytokine levels during, but not prior to, infection ( 8 ). Furthermore, the superspreader phenotype of monophasic S. Typhimurium in pigs is associated with changes in the microbiota composition during infection that predict a functional enrichment for pathways involved in anaerobic respiration ( 8 ). These data are consistent with previous work suggesting that S. Typhimurium virulence factors trigger intestinal inflammation to increase the availability of respiratory electron acceptors that boost pathogen growth ( 20 , 21 ).…”

A Simple Assay to Assess Salmonella Typhimurium Impact on Performance and Immune Status of Growing Pigs after Different Inoculation Doses

“…The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) has become the most common serovar in pig production worldwide [ 3 ], including in Europe, the United States, and Brazil [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Additionally, ST has been recognized as a foodborne disease in humans, as contaminated pork is an considerable source of Salmonella infections in humans [ 7 ]. Along with the potential for pork contamination, there are also health and production losses that ST infections can cause in pigs.…”

Gut microbiota alteration with growth performance, histopathological lesions, and immune responses in Salmonella Typhimurium-infected weaned piglets

“…Successful colonization of S. Typhimurium is essential for the progression of infection, as it causes considerable changes in the gut environment. These changes lead to decreased disease resistance in pigs, making them more susceptible to bacterial infections ( Kempf et al., 2023 ; Martins et al., 2013 ). In particular, S. Typhimurium infection in piglets destroys the immature gut barriers; causes inflammation, necrosis, and ulceration in the intestinal tract; and deteriorates the gut microbiome composition and environment ( Badia et al., 2012 ; Oh et al., 2016 ).…”