Inflammatory responses to neutral fat and fatty acids in multiple organs in a rat model of fat embolism syndrome

Takada, Meri; Chiba, Shoetsu; Nagai, Tatsuo; Takeshita, Hiroshi; Kanno, Sanae; Ikawa, Toru; Sakamoto, Kana; Sagi, Morihisa; Ichiba, Kazue; Mukai, Toshiji

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.011

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Moreover, in rat models, Takada et al have reported that an injection of neutral fat caused fat embolism, however, fat embolisms did not occur with an injection of FFAs. They hypothesized that hyperviscosity of glycerol caused occlusion of capillaries . We thought that our present results might reflect this mechanism, since the patient's lung samples contained TG (Table ) and the serum level of TG was decreased significantly after CPA (36 mg/dL, as compared with 82 mg/dL on admission).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Moreover, hitherto, lipid analysis of human FES using organ samples which contain fat embolism was conducted only by using bronchoalveolar lavage . In addition, although several reports have documented animal models of FES created by injecting several kinds of fat, they did not analyze the fat emboli themselves, even in animal autopsy specimens …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is fat embolism with identifiable clinical pattern of symptoms and the diagnostic triad includes hypoxemia, neurological symptoms, and a petechial rash . FES usually occurs after fracture of long bones, and the symptoms appear 24–72 h after the initial trauma . On the other hand, non‐traumatic FES has also been reported in association with bone marrow necrosis in sickle cell disease, corticosteroid administration, fatty liver disease, bone marrow transplantation, pancreatitis, liposuction, and diabetes mellitus (DM) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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An autopsy case of non‐traumatic fat embolism syndrome

Sakashita

Sakamoto

et al. 2017

Pathology International

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Fat embolism syndrome (FES) occurs after long bone fractures and the symptoms appear 24-72 h after the initial trauma. Fat emboli can affect both the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Apart from the most common type of FES that originates from bone fracture, non-traumatic FES has been also reported. We have experienced an autopsy case of non-traumatic FES. An 81-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis suddenly lost consciousness before transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment for his disease and died 5 h after the episode. At autopsy, numerous fat droplets were detected in the alveolar capillaries of the lung and glomerular capillaries of the kidney. Lipid analysis of lung autopsy specimens by thin-layer chromatography showed that the emboli were composed mainly of tristearin. Free fatty acids (FFA) has been considered to be the main component of fat emboli and can be a cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, in the present case, the lung specimen contained tristearin and ARDS did not occur. This is the first report of non-traumatic FES in which lipid analysis of human autopsy specimens has been conducted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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An autopsy case of non‐traumatic fat embolism syndrome

Sakashita

Sakamoto

et al. 2017

Pathology International

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“…Currently, more and more different animal models of FES were established with different drugs and methods in various of animals, such as neutral fat in rats, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats, triolein in cats, surgical approach in dogs and rabbit [11][12][13][36][37][38]. In this study, we build the rat models of FES using allograft perirenal fat by tail vein injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinically, FES can lead to serious pulmonary injury, such as ARDS, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, arteriovenous shunt and alveolar hypo-perfusion, interstitial hemorrhage, edema, chemical pneumonia and death [3,6,7] Nowadays, although various methods were employed for treatment of clinical FES, such as early fixation, injury control orthopedics (IVO), extracorporeal membrane lungs and drugs, but the mortality rate still up to 20% [8,9]. Research reported that several animal models for FES were constructed to investigate the mechanism of FES, but the mechanisms of FES remain largely unclear [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapamycin Alleviated the Symptoms of Fat Embolism Syndrome by Modulating Autophagy in a Rat Model

Zhang¹,

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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As a high fatal disease, fat embolism syndrome is complication, which brought great pain to patient and their family served as a serious social burden. The mechanism of FES remains unclear. Autophagy controls the cell survival and homeostasis by removing the mis-folded proteins and damaged organelles as well as intracellular pathogens through a lysosomal degradation pathway. Increasing research documented that autophagy was wildly involved in variety of human diseases and had huge therapeutic potential. In our study, we first established the rat model of FES with the liquid fat by tail vein injection. We observed the up-regulated MPO expression and activity, increased Wet-to-Dry (W/D) lung weight, promoted quantity of fat granules, and the dominant disorder in the lung rat model of FES, compared to the control group. These observations demonstrated that we successfully build the rat model of FES. Then, we sought to dissect the role of the autophagy in the rat model of FES. The western blots analysis showed that the autophagy was inhibited in the rat model of FES constructed with liquid fat. Furthermore, Rapamycin could restore the repression of autophagy in rat model of FES. These investigations illustrated that autophagy was involved in FES. In addition, our experiments showed that Rapamycin could alleviate the symptoms of FES. Taken together, our study demonstrated the participation of autophagy in FES and further, as a potential therapeutic target, the modulation of autophagy could affect the symptom of rat model of FES.

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Thrombosis and Embolism

Dettmeyer¹

2018

Forensic Histopathology

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Inflammatory responses to neutral fat and fatty acids in multiple organs in a rat model of fat embolism syndrome

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

An autopsy case of non‐traumatic fat embolism syndrome

An autopsy case of non‐traumatic fat embolism syndrome

Rapamycin Alleviated the Symptoms of Fat Embolism Syndrome by Modulating Autophagy in a Rat Model

Thrombosis and Embolism

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