Inflation and microearthquake activity of phlegraean fields, Italy

Corrado, G.; Guerra, I.; Bascio, A. Lo; Luongo, Giuseppe; Rampoldi, R.

doi:10.1007/bf02596998

Cited by 144 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Fig. 3), the rate of deflation in the area of 100-50% mvd dropped to less than 17 mm per month, similar to the rate of deflation observed before 1969 [36]). If slow deflation was purely the result of the elastic response of the surrounding rock to the slow cooling of the magmatic system beneath the CFc, the associated ∆g/∆h gradients should follow the FAG, since no mass change is involved.…”

Section: Deflationsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The deformation pattern associated with inflation and deflation at the CFc has been modelled and interpreted by various authors; most investigators suggest a source of volume change located at a depth of about 3 km, a few hundred metres east of the city of Pozzuoli (see [17] for a compilation). Berrino et al [9], Dvorak and Berrino [16] and Corrado et al [36] identified a shallow magma intrusion beneath the caldera as a possible source of the volume changes. Other authors [37] associate the hydrothermal system at the Campi Flegrei with the major source of deformation and pressure increase.…”

Section: Geological Setting and History Of Recent Deformation At The mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hazard assessment during caldera unrest at the Campi Flegrei, Italy: a contribution from gravity–height gradients

Gottsmann

Berrino

Rymer

et al. 2003

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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(2003). Hazard assessment during caldera unrest at the Campi Flegrei, Italy: a contribution from gravity-height gradients. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, AbstractHazard assessment and risk mitigation at restless calderas is only possible with adequate geophysical monitoring. We show here how detailed long-term microgravity and deformation surveys may contribute to hazard assessment at the Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc) in Italy by evaluating gravity-height change (∆g/∆h) gradients obtained during ground inflation and deflation between 1981 and 2001. Such gradients provide a framework from which to assess the likelihood and type of volcanic eruptions. Our new analysis of unrest at the CFc allows us to separate 'noise' during the gravity survey from the signal of deep-seated magmatic processes. This facilitates identification of the dynamics within the magma reservoir beneath the CFc. We found that magma replenishment during rapid uplift between 1982 and 1984 was insufficient, probably by one to two orders of magnitude, to trigger an eruption similar to the 1538 Monte Nuovo eruption, the most recent volcanic eruption within the CFc. Furthermore, our interpretation of ∆g/∆h gradients for the ongoing period of deflation since 1984 suggests that eruptive volcanic activity is not imminent. Short periods of minor inflation associated with large gravity changes since 1981 are interpreted to reflect noise, which to some degree is probably due to sub-surface mass/density changes within shallow hydrothermal systems beneath the CFc, indicating no risk of eruptive volcanic activity. We propose that monitoring ∆g/∆h gradients at restless calderas is essential as a caldera develops from a state of unrest to a state where volcanic eruptions have to be anticipated. Adoption of this method for the several tens of restless calderas world-wide will provide early warning of changes in or increase of activity at these supervolcanoes.

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Section: Deflationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Geological Setting and History Of Recent Deformation At The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard assessment during caldera unrest at the Campi Flegrei, Italy: a contribution from gravity–height gradients

Gottsmann

Berrino

Rymer

et al. 2003

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…Even though early authors already recognized the potential role of hydrothermal fluid circulation in these events (Olivieri del Castillo and Quagliariello, 1969;Casertano et al, 1976), modelling efforts mostly focused on the mechanical aspects at first, describing the bradyseismic phenomenon as the result of a pressure build-up inside a magma chamber (Caputo, 1976;Casertano et al, 1976;Corrado et al, 1976;Berrino et al, 1984;Bonafede et al, 1986;Bianchi et al, 1987). Many of these authors describe the magma chamber as a pressure source embedded in a homogeneous half space, with elastic or visco-elastic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of recent volcanic episodes at Phlegrean Fields (Italy): geochemical variations and ground deformation

et al. 2004

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Phlegrean Fields is an active caldera structure, located at the periphery of Naples (Italy). After the last eruptive event (the Monte Nuovo eruption, in 1538), periodic episodes of unrest characterize the evolution of this volcanic district, involving seismic activity and slow ground motion (bradyseism). During unrest episodes, there have been significant changes in the composition of hydrothermal fluids discharged at La Solfatara fumarolic field. These unrest phenomena result from complex interaction between the magma chamber, hydrothermal fluid circulation, and country rocks undergoing thermal and mechanical stresses. Understanding the mechanism driving bradyseismic activity and unravelling the relation between ground deformation and hydrothermal fluid circulation are necessary steps toward developing an effective hazard assessment in a densely populated area such as Phlegrean Fields. In this work, we present some results of numerical modeling of both the hydrothermal fluid circulation at La Solfatara, and of its effects on rock deformation. Modeling results show that periods of intensified magmatic degassing explain many features of the recent unrest crises at Phlegrean Fields.

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“…Two major (1969-1972 and 1982-1984) and two minor (1988-1989 and 1994) periods of resurgent uplift occurred in the Neopolitan Yellow Tuff caldera and define Campi Flegrei's most recent activity (Figure 2.9). The two major episodes of "bradyseismicity" generated earthquake swarms and net uplift of 3.4 m [Corrado et al, 1977;Barberi et al, 1984]. The 1982-1984 bradyseismic crisis was accompanied by 1.8 m of net uplift and over 16,000 earthquakes between 0 and 4 km depth, most of which were located in the Solfatara and Pozzuoli areas (Figure 2.9).…”

Section: Solfatara Italymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and industrial analogues for release of CO2 from storagereservoirs: Identification of features, events, and processes and lessonslearned

Lewicki¹,

Birkhölzer²,

Tsang³

2006

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. We thank J. Apps and A. Cortis for constructive review of this report. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe injection and storage of anthropogenic CO 2 in deep geologic formations is a potentially feasible strategy to reduce CO 2 emissions and atmospheric concentrations. While the purpose of geologic carbon storage is to trap CO 2 underground, CO 2 could migrate away from the storage site into the shallow subsurface and atmosphere if permeable pathways such as well bores or faults are present. Large-magnitude releases of CO 2 have occurred naturally from geologic reservoirs in numerous volcanic, geothermal, and sedimentary basin settings. Carbon dioxide and natural gas have also been released from geologic CO 2 reservoirs and natural gas storage facilities, respectively, due to influences such as well defects and injection/withdrawal processes. These systems serve as natural and industrial analogues for the potential release of CO 2 from geologic storage reservoirs and provide important information about the key features, events, and processes (FEPs) that are associated with releases, as well as the health, safety, and environmental consequences of releases and mitigation efforts that can be applied.We describe a range of natural releases of CO 2 and industrial releases of CO 2 and natural gas in the context of these characteristics. Based on this analysis, several key conclusions can be drawn, and lessons can be learned for geologic carbon storage. First, CO 2 can both accumulate beneath, and be released from, primary and secondary reservoirs with capping units located at a wide range of depths. Both primary and secondary reservoir entrapments for CO 2 should therefore be well characterized at storage sites. Second, many natural releases of CO 2 have been correlated with a specific event that triggered the release, such as magmatic fluid intrusion or seismic activity. The potential for processes that could cause geomechanical damage to sealing cap rocks and trigger the release of CO 2 from a storage reservoir should be evaluated. Third, unsealed fault and fracture zones may act as fast and direct conduits for CO 2 flow from depth to the surface. Risk assessment should therefore emphasize determining the potential for and nature of CO 2 migration along these structures. Fourth, wells that are structurally unsound have the potential to rapidly release large quantities of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Risk assessment should therefore be focused on the potential for both active and abandoned wells at storage sites to transport CO 2 to the surface, particularly at sites with depleted oil or gas reservoirs where wells are abundant. Fifth, the style of CO 2 release at the surface varies widely between and within different leakage sites. In rare circumstances, the release of CO 2 can be a self-enhancing and/or eruptive process; this possibility should be assessed in the case of CO 2 leakage from storage reservoirs. Sixth, the hazard to human health has been small in most cases of large surface releases of CO 2 . This could be due to imp...

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Inflation and microearthquake activity of phlegraean fields, Italy

Cited by 144 publications

References 20 publications

Hazard assessment during caldera unrest at the Campi Flegrei, Italy: a contribution from gravity–height gradients

Hazard assessment during caldera unrest at the Campi Flegrei, Italy: a contribution from gravity–height gradients

Modeling of recent volcanic episodes at Phlegrean Fields (Italy): geochemical variations and ground deformation

Natural and industrial analogues for release of CO2 from storagereservoirs: Identification of features, events, and processes and lessonslearned

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