During the second half of the 2000s, the world experienced a rapid and
substantial rise in commodity prices. This shock posed complex challenges for
monetary policy, in particular because of the significant increase in food and
energy prices, and the repercussions they had on aggregate inflation measures.
This paper discusses the role of commodity price shocks (CPS) in monetary
policy in the light of recent episodes of such shocks. It begins by discussing
whether monetary policy should target core or headline inflation, and what
should be the role of CPS in setting interest rates. It is argued that there are
good reasons to focus on headline inflation, as most central banks actually do.
Although core inflation provides a good indicator of underlying inflation
pressures, the evolution of commodity prices should not be overlooked, because
of pervasive second-round effects. This paper reviews the evidence on the rise of
inflation across countries and reports that food inflation, more than energy
inflation, has relevant propagation effects on core inflation. This finding is
particularly important in emerging market economies, where the share of food
in the consumer basket is significant. The evidence also shows that countries
that had lower inflation during the run up of commodity prices before the global crisis had more inflation in the subsequent rise after the global crisis, suggesting
that part of the precrisis inflationary success may have been because of
repressed inflation. This paper also discusses other factors that may explain
different inflationary performances across countries