Inflight Calibration of the NEAR Multispectral Imager

Murchie, S. L.; Robinson, M. S.; Hawkins, S. E.; Harch, A.; Helfenstein, P.; Thomas, P. C.; Peacock, Keith; Owen, W. M.; Heyler, Gene A.; Murphy, P. Karen; Darlington, E. H.; Keeney, Allen C.; Gold, R. E.; Clark, B. E.; Izenberg, N. R.; Bell, James F.; Merline, W. J.; Veverka, J.

doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6118

Cited by 36 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Each data set was reduced to absolute reflectance and combined to create Eros's disk-integrated solar phase curve. The MSI images were reduced and calibrated using the methods described by Murchie et al (1999Murchie et al ( , 2002. Combining ground-based observations with spacecraft measurements serves two purposes.…”

Section: Data Reduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disk-Integrated Photometry of 433 Eros

Domingue¹,

Robinson

Carcich

et al. 2002

Icarus

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Section: Data Reduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The images used were calibrated to absolute I /F values using the calibration software and algorithms described in Murchie et al (1999Murchie et al ( , 2002 and Li et al (2002).…”

Section: Near Shoemaker Msi Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disk-Integrated Photometry of 433 Eros

Domingue¹,

Robinson

Carcich

et al. 2002

Icarus

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“…Frame transfer smear corrections for MDIS follow the technique described by Murchie et al (1999) for the NEAR MSI imager. In brief, an image is exposed for a nominal integration time and is then transferred to the memory zone of the CCD, from which the analog signal is digitized line by line.…”

Section: Frame Transfer Smearmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mercury Dual Imaging System on the MESSENGER Spacecraft

Hawkins¹,

Boldt²,

Darlington³

et al. 2007

The Messenger Mission to Mercury

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The Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) on the MESSENGER spacecraft will provide critical measurements tracing Mercury's origin and evolution. MDIS consists of a monochrome narrow-angle camera (NAC) and a multispectral wide-angle camera (WAC). The NAC is a 1.5°field-of-view (FOV) off-axis reflector, coaligned with the WAC, a fourelement refractor with a 10.5°FOV and 12-color filter wheel. The focal plane electronics of each camera are identical and use a 1,024 × 1,024 Atmel (Thomson) TH7888A chargecoupled device detector. Only one camera operates at a time, allowing them to share a common set of control electronics. The NAC and the WAC are mounted on a pivoting platform that provides a 90°field-of-regard, extending 40°sunward and 50°anti-sunward from the spacecraft +Z-axis-the boresight direction of most of MESSENGER's instruments. Onboard data compression provides capabilities for pixel binning, remapping of 12-bit data into 8 bits, and lossless or lossy compression. MDIS will acquire four main data sets at Mercury during three flybys and the two-Mercury-solar-day nominal mission: a monochrome global image mosaic at near-zero emission angles and moderate incidence angles, a stereocomplement map at off-nadir geometry and near-identical lighting, multicolor images at low incidence angles, and targeted high-resolution images of key surface features. These data will be used to construct a global image base map, a digital terrain model, global maps of color properties, and mosaics of high-resolution image strips. Analysis of these data will provide information on Mercury's impact history, tectonic processes, the composition and emplacement history of volcanic materials, and the thickness distribution and compositional variations of crustal materials. This paper summarizes MDIS's science objectives and technical design, including the common payload design of the MDIS data processing units, as well as detailed results from ground and early flight calibrations and plans for Mercury image products to be generated from MDIS data.

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“…The NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft entered orbit around Eros on 2000 February 14. By 2001 February 12, it had orbited Eros 230 times acquiring more than 140 000 useful images ofthe surface with the multispectral imager (MSI) (Hawkins et a!., 1997;Murchie et a!., 1999Li et a!., 2002;Veverka et a!., 1997b) with both single filter (950 nm) and multi-filter (visible-infrared) sequences. Systematic mapping was initiated from an altitude of 200 km, and provided regional coverage (typical image angularresolution -20 m!pixel) ofthe then illuminated northern hemisphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geology of 433 Eros

Robinson

Thomas

Veverka

et al. 2002

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

156

140

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Abstract-The global high-resolution imaging of asteroid 433 Eros by the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Shoemaker spacecraft has made it possible to develop the first comprehensive picture of the geology of a small S-type asteroid. Eros displays a variety of surface features, and evidence of a substantial regolith. Large scale facets, grooves, and ridges indicate the presence of at least one global planar structure. Directional and superposition relations of smaller structural features suggest that fracturing has occurred throughout the object. As with other small objects, impact craters dominate the overall shape as well as the small-scale topography of Eros. Depth/diameter ratios of craters on Eros average -0.13, but the freshest craters approach lunar values of -0.2. Ejecta block production from craters is highly variable; the majority oflarge blocks appear to have originated from one 7.6 km crater (Shoemaker). The interior morphology of craters does not reveal the influence of discrete mechanical boundaries at depth in the manner of craters formed on lunar mare regolith and on some parts of Phobos. This lack of mechanical boundaries, and the abundant evidence of regolith in nearly every high-resolution image, suggests a gradation in the porosity and fracturing with depth. The density of small craters is deficient at sizes below -200 m relative to predicted slopes of empirical saturation. This characteristic, which is also found on parts ofPhobos and lunar highland areas, probably results from the efficient obliteration of small craters on a body with significant topographic slopes and a thick regolith. Eros displays a variety ofregolith features, such as debris aprons, fine-grained "ponded" deposits, talus cones, and bright and dark streamers on steep slopes indicative ofefficient downslope movement ofregolith. These processes serve to mix materials in the upper loose fragmental portion ofthe asteroid (regolith). In the instance of "ponded" materials and crater wall deposits, there is evidence of processes that segregate finer materials into discrete deposits. The NEAR observations have shown us that surface processes on small asteroids can be very complex and result in a wide variety of morphologic features and landforms that today seem exotic. Future missions to comets and asteroids will surely reveal still as yet unseen processes as well as give context to those discovered by the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft.

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Inflight Calibration of the NEAR Multispectral Imager

Cited by 36 publications

References 23 publications

Disk-Integrated Photometry of 433 Eros

Disk-Integrated Photometry of 433 Eros

The Mercury Dual Imaging System on the MESSENGER Spacecraft

The geology of 433 Eros

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