“…IM aims to find a small set of highly influential users such that they will cause the maximum influence spread in a social network [3,23,37,40]. To fit with different real application scenarios, many variants of the IM problem have been investigated recently, such as Topic-aware IM [5,17,29,30], Time-aware IM [14,20,39,47], Community-aware IM [28,42,45,48], Competitive IM [2,32,36,43], Multi-strategies IM [7,24], and Out-of-Home IM [51,53]. However, some critical characteristics of the IM study fail to be fully discussed in existing IM works.…”