Influence of 2,4‐D and surfactant in combination with urea herbicides on the control of weeds in wheat

Malik, R. K.; Panwar, R. S.; Bhan, V. M.; Malik, R. S.

doi:10.1080/09670878909371339

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…IPU was originally more effective against littleseed canarygrass than other grass weeds, notably winter wild oat (Malik et al 1989;Singh et al 1995a); however, IPU failed because of its continuous use, resulting in high selection pressure and evolution of resistant biotypes of littleseed canarygrass (Malik and Singh 1993, 1994.…”

Section: Selection Pressure and Herbicide-resistance Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Management Practices on Control of Isoproturon-resistant Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris Minor) in India

Singh¹

2007

Weed Technology

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Littleseed canarygrass is a major weed of winter-season crops, although it is most dominant in wheat-growing regions in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Resistance in this species to photosystem II–inhibiting herbicide isoproturon was first recorded in 1992, and has since spread to several Indian states covering more than a million ha. Genetic studies and resistance characterization from multiple locations indicate independent evolution of resistance due to continuous use of isoproturon and monoculture rice–wheat-cropping system. Isoproturon-resistant biotypes were found cross-resistant to diclofop, but not to chlortoluron, which has the same mode of action as isoproturon. The isoproturon-resistance mechanism is metabolic degradation, mediated by P-450 monooxygenase enzymes. This type of resistance could become serious and lead to the evolution of multiple resistances to herbicides of different modes of action. Adoption of fenoxaprop-P, clodinafop, and sulfosulfuron in isoproturon-resistant areas since 1997 initially led to high yields, but resulted in a weed flora shift which eventually reduced yields and increased the cost of weed management. Although isoproturon recommendation has been withdrawn from rice–wheat cropping zones, resistance in littleseed canarygrass is spreading in other areas where isoproturon has been used for several years because it is inexpensive and has broad-spectum weed control. Management factors, such zero or minimum tillage, early planting after rice harvest, and alternative herbicides provide effective control of resistant biotypes. However, lower efficacy of these herbicides has been observed in the field, although multiple resistances have yet to be confirmed. Herbicide rotations, mixtures, and sequences are beneficial, but only in the short term. Improved cultivation practices are also helpful; however, no current single system is sustainable. An integration of tillage method, planting time, varietal selection, crop rotation, timing and method of herbicide application, optimum dose, and sanitation practices is crucial in managing herbicide-resistant littleseed canarygrass.

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Section: Selection Pressure and Herbicide-resistance Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Management Practices on Control of Isoproturon-resistant Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris Minor) in India

Singh¹

2007

Weed Technology

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“…During the last three years, farmers have reported poor control of littleseed canarygrass with isoproturon. Using a surfactant with isoproturon, tank mix ing isoproturon with 2,4-D (23), and applying isoproturon as on early POST (25 DAP) treatment (22,40) have not improved control in farmers' fields. Isoproturon controlled littleseed canarygrass poorly in preliminary studies (24,25,41).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris minor) Resistance to Isoproturon in India

1995

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The response of littleseed canarygrass biotypes to isoproturon, pendimethalin, and diclofop-methyl was evaluated in India, in pot studies and the field during the winters of 1991 to 1992 and 1992 to 1993. Some biotypes of littleseed canarygrass were resistant to isoproturon but cross-resistance to pendimethalin and diclofop-methyl was not confirmed. The resistant biotype required a higher dose of diclofop-methyl than the susceptible biotype. Variations in the response of littleseed canarygrass biotypes were not due to isoproturon formulation. Resistant biotypes required 2 to 8 times more isoproturon than a susceptible biotype for the same level of control. Diclofop-methyl at 1.0 kg ai/ha applied at the 2- to 3-leaf stage of littleseed canarygrass in pot experiments and PRE pendimethalin at 1.5 kg ai/ha in field trials controlled resistant biotypes. Field surveys of the affected areas revealed that resistance in littleseed canarygrass is more prevalent in rice-wheat rotations compared to other crop sequences. Control of littleseed canarygrass with isoproturon dropped from 78 to 21% from 1990 to 1993.

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“…Better control of broad-leaf i weeds obtained with the application of metribuzin alone or through tank mixture of isoproturon with metribuzin or 2, 4-D or atrazine resulted in higher grain yield of wheat. Sharma et al (1?87), Malik et al (1989) and Dixit and Bhan (1997) reported similar results. Since diclofopmethyl or tralkoxydim was not effective against -.…”

Section: Effect Of Cropmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…broad-leaf weeds and provided effective control of only Avena sp. (Gill and Walia, 1988;Malik et al, 1989;Katyal et al, 1997), grain yield with diclofopmethyl or tralkoxydim alone was not better than weedy check in both the years.…”

Section: Effect Of Cropmentioning

confidence: 91%

Efficacy of herbicides applied alone and in tank mixture with isoproturon against wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) and broad leaf weeds in wheat (T ticum aestivum)

VIRENDER SARDANA

2001

IJA

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An investigation was conducted during winter seasons of 1996 97 and 1997 98 at Gurdaspur, Punjab, on fields heavily infested with broad leaf of weeds. An application of metribuzin (0.175 kg/ha) or pendimethalin (0.7 kg/ha) alone or tank mixture of isoproturon metribuzin (0.75 0.1 31 kglha), isoproturon atrazine (0.75 0.094 kglha) or isoproturon 2, 4 D (0.94 0 5 kg/ha) provided effective control of broad leaf weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) Application of 2, 4 D or diclofopmethyl/tralkoxydim alone was not effective against broad leaf weeds, especially Medicago denticulata Willd., Lathyrus X aphaca L. and Vicia sativa L. However, diclofopme hyl or tralkoxydim alone in tank mixture with isoproturon effectively controlled wild oat. lsoproturon atrazine and isoproturon 2, 4 D recorded the lowest dry matter of weeds in the first and second year respectively. The maximum weed density and dry matter of weeds were recorded in weedy check. Application of metribuzin (0.175 kglha) resulted in the maximum grain yield which was at par with tank mix application of isoproturon metribuzin, isoproturon atrazine, isoproturon 2,443, isoproturon and pendimethalin, whereas weedy check resulted in the minimum grain yield. The maximum net returns were obtained with metribuzin (0.175 kglha) application, followed by isoproturon metribuzin. However, maximum benefit : cost ratio was registered with atrazine applied 0.094 kglha. Diclofopmethyl resulted in the lowest net returns and benefit : cost ratio.

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Influence of 2,4‐D and surfactant in combination with urea herbicides on the control of weeds in wheat

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Role of Management Practices on Control of Isoproturon-resistant Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris Minor) in India

Role of Management Practices on Control of Isoproturon-resistant Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris Minor) in India

Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris minor) Resistance to Isoproturon in India

Efficacy of herbicides applied alone and in tank mixture with isoproturon against wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) and broad leaf weeds in wheat (T ticum aestivum)

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