Influence of 3D printing process parameters on the mechanical properties and mass of PLA parts and predictive models

Afonso, João Araújo; Alves, Jorge Lino; Caldas, G.A.R.; Gouveia, Bárbara; Santana, Leonardo; Belinha, J.

doi:10.1108/rpj-03-2020-0043

Cited by 70 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, it displays some limitations such as poor water solubility, and being frangible [19]. Owing to its good accessibility, PLA is currently one of the most broadly applicable biodegradable polymers for various uses in packaging, electronic industries, automotive industries, and prosthesis fabrication, substituting effectively for petroleum-based polymers [20,21]. Many trends in orthopedic practice and research have suggested that PLA is safe and nontoxic [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of 3D Printed Poly(lactic acid)/Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Using TGF-β1 for Promoting Bone Regeneration

et al. 2021

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Our research was designed to evaluate the effect on bone regeneration with 3-dimensional (3D) printed polylactic acid (PLA) and 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, determine the more effective option for enhancing bone regeneration, and offer tentative evidence for further research and clinical application. Employing the 3D printing technique, the PLA and PCL scaffolds showed similar morphologies, as confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical strength was significantly higher in the PLA group (63.4 MPa) than in the PCL group (29.1 MPa) (p < 0.01). Average porosity, swelling ratio, and degeneration rate in the PCL scaffold were higher than those in the PLA scaffold. SEM observation after cell coculture showed improved cell attachment and activity in the PCL scaffolds. A functional study revealed the best outcome in the 3D printed PCL-TGF-β1 scaffold compared with the 3D printed PCL and the 3D printed PCL-Polydopamine (PDA) scaffold (p < 0.001). As confirmed via SEM, the 3D printed PCL- transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) scaffold also exhibited improved cell adhesion after 6 h of cell coculture. The 3D printed PCL scaffold showed better physical properties and biocompatibility than the 3D printed PLA scaffold. Based on the data of TGF-β1, this study confirms that the 3D printed PCL scaffold may offer stronger osteogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of 3D Printed Poly(lactic acid)/Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Using TGF-β1 for Promoting Bone Regeneration

et al. 2021

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“…Several DOE approaches have been utilized to optimize the process parameters of the FFF system, including the Taguchi method, analysis of variance (ANOVA), complete factorial designs, bacterial foraging technique, and fuzzy logic because many parameters might impact the printing process, the default configuration of printing process parameters provided by manufacturers cannot guarantee the quality of printed products [32]. Extensive research is being conducted to determine the impact of various FFF process parameters on the different responses [33][34][35][36]. The Taguchi design method provides a practical approach to lower cost, higher quality, and performance optimization.…”

Section: Design Of Experiments (Doe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of FFF Processing Parameters to Improve Geometrical Accuracy and Mechanical Behavior of Polyamide 6 Using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)

Shakeria

Benfriha

Zirak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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One of the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) methods is Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), which can produce complex geometry parts. In this process, a continuous filament of thermoplastic material is deposited layer by layer to make the final piece. One of the essential goals in the production of parts with this method is to produce parts with high mechanical properties and excellent geometrical accuracy at the same time. Among the various methods used to improve the desired properties of produced parts is to determine the optimum process parameters in this process. This paper investigates the effect of different process parameters on four essential parameters: chamber temperature, Printing temperature, layer thickness, and print speed on cylindricity, circularity, strength, Young’s modulus, and deformation by Gray Relational Analysis method simultaneously. Taguchi method was used to design the experiments, and the PA6 cylindrical parts were fabricated using a German RepRap X500® 3D printer. Then the GRG values were calculated for all experiments. In the 8th trial, the highest value of GRG was observed. Then, to discover the optimal parameters, the GRG data were analyzed using ANOVA and S/N analysis, and it was determined that the best conditions for enhancing GRG are 60 °C in the chamber temperature, 270 °C in the printing temperature, 0.1 mm layer thickness, and 600 mm/min print speed. Finally, by using optimal parameters, a verification test was performed, and new components were investigated. Finally, by comparing the initial GRG with the GRG of the experiment, it was discovered that the GRG value had improved by 14%.

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“…At the same time, PLA is a thermoplastic with rigid, strong, and is easy to process characteristics, making it highly popular in AM applications. PLA can also be used as an implant material in the health sector [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass Powder Additive on Recycled Polypropylene Filaments: A Sustainable Material in 3D Printing

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to characterize the effect of a glass powder additive on recycled polypropylene (rPP) materials from food packaging to be used as filaments in material extrusion (MEX) 3D printing applications. The composite filaments studied were rPP filaments with glass powder (GP) additive in the 2.5%, 5%, and 10% fractions. As a baseline, the filaments made of pure virgin PP and rPP without additive were used. The filament that has been successfully made is then printed into a tensile test specimen and an impact test to observe its mechanical properties. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization was also carried out to determine the effect of chemical bonding and thermal characterization using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of FTIR characterization on the sample rPP + 10% do not show a typical peak shift of PP, but give rise to new peaks at wavenumbers of 1000 cm−1 (Si-O-Na), 890 cm−1 (Si-H) and 849 cm−1 (O-Si-O), which indicate the typical peaks of the glass constituent compounds. In the thermal characteristics, the addition of GP shows the improved stability of mass changes to heat and increases the melting temperature of rPP. The ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus for rPP-based specimens with 10% GP additive showed an increase of 38% and 42% compared to PP specimens. In addition to the improved mechanical strength, the addition of GP also reduces the bending deformation, which can be well controlled, and reduces curvature, which is a problem in semicrystalline polymer-based filaments.

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Influence of 3D printing process parameters on the mechanical properties and mass of PLA parts and predictive models

Cited by 70 publications

References 24 publications

Fabrication of 3D Printed Poly(lactic acid)/Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Using TGF-β1 for Promoting Bone Regeneration

Fabrication of 3D Printed Poly(lactic acid)/Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Using TGF-β1 for Promoting Bone Regeneration

Optimization of FFF Processing Parameters to Improve Geometrical Accuracy and Mechanical Behavior of Polyamide 6 Using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)

Glass Powder Additive on Recycled Polypropylene Filaments: A Sustainable Material in 3D Printing

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