“…[8][9][10][11] Direct ink writing has made it possible to create a wide variety of useful materials and structures, including batteries, foldable origami lattices, eutectic salts, supercapacitors, photonic crystals, biological implants, and architectural designs. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Making polymeric structures using melted and extruded thermoplastics (such as ABS and PLA) in solid filamentary form has been extensively researched and commercialized [22][23][24][25][26] and these AM techniques are often used for nonmetallic materials and are not ideal for direct metal printing. AM of metals is still difficult through fused filament fabrication even though metal components dominate numerous industries such as aerospace, medicine, and the automobile.…”