Influence of 50 Hz magnetic field on sex hormones and other fertility parameters of adult male rats

Al-Akhras, M-Ali H.; Darmani, Homa; Elbetieha, Ahmed

doi:10.1002/bem.20186

Cited by 96 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…From Table 1, there is no significant difference in the mean body weights either between groups 1 and 2 (295.34 ± 13.67 g and 292.72 ± 12.02 g, respectively) or between groups 3 and 4 (329.05 ± 28.95 g and 324.75 ± 25.61 g, respectively) suggesting that there is no effect of MF on the apparent body weight. These results were similar to works reported by Al-Akhras et al (2006). It is clear that the time factor in this work (21 days of exposure) was not long enough to produce a change in the body weight.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Studies have shown several evidences related to EMF and their effects on physiological systems (Fadel et al 1994 andMcCaig et al 2004). During recent decades much interest has centered on power lines and their possible effects on health including erythrocyte properties and heart functions (Fadel et al 2003), cell stress (Tokalov and Gutziet 2004), reactive oxygen species and free radicals (Seyhan et al 2006), male and female reproduction and fertility (Al-Akhras et al 2006). The effects of ELF-EMF on the male reproduction are receiving heightened interest because human male fertility in the 20 th century was diminished; human sperm count in 1940 was nearly two-fold compared to the sperm count in 1990 (Giwereman et al 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of exposure to 50 Hz, 1 Gauss magnetic field on reproductive traits in male albino rats

et al. 2011

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The effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field ELF-MF (50 Hz/1 Gauss) on male fertility were studied in rats. Twenty eight adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, 2 experimental groups exposed to magnetic field for 21 days and 2 control groups (sham exposed). The first exposed group was sacrificed at the end of the exposure period, and the second exposed group was kept for extra 48 days post exposure to assess the delayed effects of exposure. Significant decrease in the testes weights, sperm motility, sperm count, normal sperms and live sperms was detected in the exposed groups compared to control. Serum testosterone concentrations were significantly increased after 21 days of exposure, and then these changes were corrected after 48 days post exposure. Superoxide dismutase, catalase activities and α-tocopherol concentration were significantly decreased after 21 days of exposure, while the later became non-significant after 48 days post exposure. L-ascorbate concentration was significantly increased after 21 days of exposure, and returned to normal 48 days post exposure. Histopathological examination of the testis from the exposed rats showed a disruption in its architecture with an increase in Leydig cell number and activity, whereas 48 days post exposure, the testicular germ cell layers increased with presence of high apoptotic rates. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to 50 Hz, 1 Gauss MF is biologically toxic to the testicular functions with oxidative stress on spermatogenesis that subsequently may affect male fertility and his sexual efficiency.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of exposure to 50 Hz, 1 Gauss magnetic field on reproductive traits in male albino rats

et al. 2011

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“…Similar studies revealed that the reduced weight of seminal vesicle and prenuptial glands, along with decrement of testicular sperm count and testosterone levels scrutinized in adult male rats exposed to 50 Hz of 25 μT MF for 18 consecutive weeks [15]. Hong et al [16] also observed that DNA strand breakage was induced in testicular cells and abnormal condensation of sperm chromatin structure was increased in mice exposed to 50 Hz of 0.2 mT or 6.4 mT EMF for 4 weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Endonuclease G is Upregulated and Required in Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis after Exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT

Park¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2015

Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science

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Several reports supported that continuous exposure to 60 Hz magnetic field (MF) induces testicular germ cell apoptosis in vivo. We recently evaluated duration-and dose-dependent effects of continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF on the testes in mice. BALB/c male mice were exposed to a 60 Hz MF at 100 μT for 24 hours a day for 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks, and at 2, 20 or 200 μT for 24 hours a day for 8 weeks.To induce the apoptosis of testicular germ cell in mice, the minimum dose is 20 μT at continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF for 8 weeks, and the minimum duration is 6 weeks at continuous exposure of 100 μT. Continuous exposure to a 60 Hz MF might affect duration-and dose-dependent biological processes including apoptotic cell death and spermatogenesis in the male reproductive system of mice. The safety guideline of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) indicates that the permissible maximum magnetic flux density for general public exposure is 200 μT at 60 Hz EMF (ICNIRP Guidelines, 2010). In the present study, we aimed to examine the expression of pro-and anti-apoptotic genes regulated by the continuous exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT in Sprague-Dawley rats for 20 weeks. The continuous exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT does not affect the body and testicular weight in rats. However, exposure to 60 Hz MF significantly affects testicular germ cell apoptosis and sperm count. Further, the apoptosis-related gene was scrutinized after exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT for 20 weeks. We found that the message level of endonuclease G (EndoG) was greatly increased following the exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT compared with sham control. These data suggested that 60 Hz magnetic field induced testicular germ cell apoptosis through mitochondrial protein Endo G.Key Words: 60 Hz Magnetic Field, Apoptosis, Endonuclease G, Reproductive Function, Testicular Germ Cell. Manuscript received May 11, 2015 ; Revised June 25, 2015 ; Accepted July 7, 2015. (ID No. 20150511-026J) This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ⓒ

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“…EMFs were associated with an increase in childhood leukemia, adult brain cancer, miscarriage and fertility in both male and female [1,7]. Radiation effects on salivary glands are of particular interest, where the altered composition of saliva results in distress, often irreversible complications such as oral dryness, nocturnal oral discomfort, and susceptibility to oral infections and dental caries [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Low Magnetic Irradiation on Morphology and Ultrastructure of Parotid Glands in Rats and Amelioration by Vitamin E

Anan¹,

Gawish²,

Amer³

2012

J Cytol Histol

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Influence of 50 Hz magnetic field on sex hormones and other fertility parameters of adult male rats

Cited by 96 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of exposure to 50 Hz, 1 Gauss magnetic field on reproductive traits in male albino rats

Effects of exposure to 50 Hz, 1 Gauss magnetic field on reproductive traits in male albino rats

Endonuclease G is Upregulated and Required in Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis after Exposure to 60 Hz at 200 μT

Effects of Low Magnetic Irradiation on Morphology and Ultrastructure of Parotid Glands in Rats and Amelioration by Vitamin E

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