Influence of a high-intensity ultrasonic field on the removal of natural organic compounds from water

Abstract

ab s t r ac tOrganic compounds, which are considered water pollutants, have the ability to react with chlorine or other oxidants leading to the formation of products which pose a significant threat to human health. Humic substances play an important role in the formation of disinfection by-products. Therefore, the removal of organic compounds in the process of water treatment is of great importance. The application of ultrasound initiates a number of physicochemical processes in water which can be used in water treatment technologies, e.g. coagulation or adsorption. These methods, as well as the ion-exchange process, are applied in order to remove organic contaminants. With reference to the theoretical fundamentals of ultrasound, some sonochemical processes can result in a decrease in the content of color organic compounds in water. Increasing the intensity of ultrasonic field enhances the occurrence of sonochemical processes including the destruction of high-molecular organic compounds or the oxidation reactions with radicals. The effect of the ultrasonic field is investigated as a method of water treatment by removal of color contaminants from water. Water samples were subjected to an ultrasonic field generated by the UP-400S ultrasound generator with a frequency of 24 kHz and useful power of 300 W. The samples were exposed to sonification for the time periods of 1 and 5 min; the range of the applied amplitude vibration was 18-90 μm, and the ultrasonic field intensity was in the range 21-105 W/cm 2 . The applied parameters allowed for the observation of changes in the content of organic compounds in water. The effect of the ultrasonic field was investigated for surface water. The water analysis included TOC, oxygen consumption and color. The efficiency of the investigated process (30-40%) was achieved for the highest value of the applied amplitude.

Ultrasonic aiding of selected pharmaceuticals removal from wastewater

“…Then, the prepared solution was treated with an ultrasonic field whose parameters were 250 W and 20 kHz [25]. During the experiment, sonication time was altered and it was equalled to 30, 60, 120, and 240 s. Ultrasonic field parameters were chosen on the basis of the data available in literary review sources [26][27][28]. Each sample was tested 1, 5, 8, 10, and 12 min after sonication.…”

Utilization of Lapindo Volcanic Mud for Enhanced Sono-sorption Removal of Acid Orange 52

“…The pseudo-second-order model is expressed as follows by Ho and McKay [26] and had been simplified in the form as follows: (6) where k2 is the pseudo-second-order rate constant (g/mg.min).…”

“…highest potential because of its economic feasibility, flexibility, and efficiency. Meanwhile, the utilization of ultrasound for dyes and pollutants removal from water over the past two decades has received much attention by worldwide researcher owing to their potential to enhance the removal efficiency of dyes and pollutants [3][4][5][6]. Ultrasound basically employed acoustic cavitation that formed bubbles that vibrated along the medium [3,7].…”

Photosonochemical degradation of phenol in water

“…Sonochemical destruction is also effective for volatile substrates. In this case, the solutes can be directly incinerated in the gas phase of the hot collapsing cavitation bubbles [4]. Most of the studies concerning ultrasound effects relate to the oxidation of aromatic compounds [2,7,8].…”

“…In recent years, considerable interest has been focused on the application of ultrasound (US) for hazardous chemical destruction, including the degradation of volatile organic compounds, pesticides, humic substances, dyestuffs and polychlorinated biphenyls [2][3][4][5]. The effects of ultrasound waves on the hydrophilic chemical oxidations are due to the production of hydroxyl radicals during the cavitationinduced thermal decomposition of water [6].…”