“…PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology (Azziz et al, 2004;Goodarzi and Azziz, 2006). Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS (Azziz et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2011), the latter evidenced by familial aggregation (Goodarzi et al, 2011;Lerchbaum et al, 2014;Vink et al, 2006) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (Chen et al, 2011;Cui et al, 2013), which appear to be racially-determined (Wang and Alvero, 2013;Zhao and Qiao, 2013).…”