Influence of a trout farm on antioxidant defense in larvae ofEphemera danica(Insecta: Ephemeroptera)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish the influence of a trout farm on the activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total glutathione concentration (GSH), in larvae of Ephemera danica, and on environmental parameters in the receiving watercourse. The investigations were carried out seasonally (April, July, and October of 2016 and January of 2017) at four localities (SK1–control, and SK2, SK3, and SK4–30 m, 330 m and 630 m below the fish farm, respectively) along the Skrapež River. Discharged water had the greatest effect on the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium ions, nitrates (NO3−), and total phosphorus. In the case of SOD and GSH, seasonal changes were greater than longitudinal, with maximal values attained in spring and summer and minimal in autumn and winter. SOD showed the strongest correlation with DO, and GSH with total nitrogen. Activity of GPx demonstrated greater longitudinal variability with maximum at SK2 in all seasons and the strongest correlation with NO3−. The obtained results indicate that GPx activity was the most sensitive to the trout farm effects, while SOD and GSH were more influenced by natural seasonal changes of environmental parameters.

Springs and Headwater Streams in Serbia: The Hidden Diversity and Ecology of Aquatic Invertebrates

“…In recent years in Serbia, there have been analyses of the influence of trout farms on the macrozoobenthos communities of headwater streams by examining the oxidative stress enzymes response [61][62][63][64][65]. This response is the first line of defense of the organism against pollutants from the environment [30].…”

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals inEphemera danicalarvae under influence of a trout farm outlet waters

“…Detailed description of the study area ( Fig. 1 in Božanić et al, 2018), the trout farm and investigated localities is given in our previous publication (Božanić et al, 2018) therefore, only the basic data are given here. Located in western Serbia, the Skrapež River is 47.7 km long and has a drainage area of 647.65 km 2 (Gavrilović and Dukić, 2002).…”

“…As already described in our previous publication (Božanić et al, 2018) specimens of E. danica larvae were collected seasonally (in April, July and October of 2015 and in January of 2016) at four localities on the Skrapež River by using a benthos sieve and tweezers. At each locality, 20 specimens of larvae were collected and fixed in the field with 96% alcohol in glass bottles.…”

“…In parallel with this investigation we used the same system (Skrapež River and The Kraj Vodenice Trout Farm) to monitor the effects of changes in water chemistry on the activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and concentration of total glutathione (GSH) in E. danica larvae (Božanić et al, 2018). SOD, GPx and GSH are important constitutens of the anioxidant defence system (Valko et al, 2016).…”

“…The present work is one piece of a comprehensive investigation of the trout farm effects on the various aspects of E. danica larvae biology. The first part of this investigation, dealing with the effects on the larvae antioxidative defense, has already being published (Božanić et al, 2018). In as much as river sediment burdened with organic pollution binds greater amounts of heavy metals than an unburdened recipient stream (Hsu et al, 2016;Burridge et al, 2010), the purpose of the present work was to establish whether an increase in the concentration of certain heavy metals occurs in water and sediment of the Skrapež River, a stream under influence of the outlet water from a trout farm, and ascertain the extent of metal bioaccumulation in the body of Ephemera danica larvae so as to determine their potential usefulness as a bioindicator of the pollution of river systems by heavy metals.…”