Influence of accelerator type on properties of NR/EPDM blends

Sae‐Oui, Pongdhorn; Sirisinha, Chakrit; Thepsuwan, Uthai; Thapthong, Phuchong

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2007.07.004

Cited by 75 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is widely used in the automotive industry (Sahakaro et al, 2008). However, due to the different properties of NR and EPDM, i.e., saturation, polarity, filler affinity, and solubility, the NR/EPDM blend produces a blend with poor mechanical properties because it is an incompatible blend (Sahakaro et al, 2008;Sae-oui & Sirisinha, 2007). The compatibilizer is needed to make NR/EPDM blend become more compatible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accelerator is one of the additives that accelerate the vulcanization process. This type of accelerator may affect the mechanical properties, processability, and thermal resistance of the material (Sae-oui & Sirisinha, 2007;Nabil et al, 2014). This study used MBTS (2,2-dithiobis(benzothiazole)), combination of MBTS and TMTD (tetramethyl thiuram disulfide), and TBBS (n-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide) as the accelerators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sae-oui & Sirisinha (2007) studied the mechanical properties of a blending of NR/EPDM with several accelerators, Sahakaro et al (2008) studied the blending technique of NR/ EPDM blend. Alipour et al (2011) studied the morphology and properties of NR/EPDM with organoclay, Nabil et al (2013) studied the morphology, compounding, and mechanical properties of NR/R-EPDM, and Nabil et al (2014) studied the thermal stability of NR/EPDM with variations of vulcanization and accelerator systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of NR/EPDM blends with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer: The eﬀect of the reactive accelerators

Mayasari

Yuniari

2017

MKKP

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Thermal characteristic is important to determine the thermal resistance of a polymer. In this work, the thermal characteristics of the NR/EPDM blends was investigated to study the storage and application condition of the blends. The NR/EPDM blends were prepared in the two-roll mill by using MAH as a compatibilizer with several types of accelerators, i.e., MBTS from thiazole group, the combination of MBTS and TMTD from thiuram group, and TBBS from sulphenamide group. This research used the thermogravimetric method with the heating rate of 10, 15, and 20 ºC/min. The kinetic parameters are calculated by using Coats-Redfern equation. The degradation of NR/EPDM blends occurs in two stages (first stage at 220-420 ºC and second stage at 420-520 ºC). Combination of MBTS and TMTD give higher energy activation (112.236 kJ/mol), followed by MBTS-blend (111.999 kJ/mol), and TBBS-blend (110.856 kJ/mol). Combination of MBTS and TMTD accelerator with MAH as the compatibilizer is the proper choice for NR/EPDM blends to get a good thermal stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of NR/EPDM blends with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer: The eﬀect of the reactive accelerators

Mayasari

Yuniari

2017

MKKP

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“…Moreover, [10] showed that a natural rubber (NR)/EPDM blend with added MBTS exhibited a longer cure time, lower crosslink density, lower hardness but highest elongation at break, along with higher tensile and tear strengths, compared with the vulcanizates obtained by using the accelerators N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulphonamide (TBBS) and TMTD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of accelerators on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber compounds

Ahsan¹,

Mohamad²,

Soh³

2015

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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The effects of different accelerators on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of sulphur-cured natural rubber (NR)-based compounds are investigated. Three accelerator systems, with mercaptobenzothiazole disulphide (MBTS) as primary accelerator and diphenylguanidine (DPG) and Zn-2-mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) as secondary accelerators, were incorporated into a premixed NR compound referred to an industrially used rubber mat formulation by using the melt mixing method. The cure characteristics, rubber crosslink density and mechanical properties were the focus in the present study. It is observed that the synergistic effect of the MBTS/DPG combination imparts the shortest scorch time, highest cure rate and highest crosslink density compared with the MBTS/ZMBT and MBTS/ZMBT/DPG combinations. Mechanical tests indicate that the tensile strength and modulus of MBTS/DPG are enhanced owing to improved cure activation in initiating sulphuric crosslinking, but the tear strength is decreased compared with the others. This study demonstrates that the MBTS/ZMBT/DPG system is the most effective in enhancing tear strength by 4.5 % compared with MBTS/DPG system, as well as other mechanical properties. Analyses on tear behaviours and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of the fractured surfaces of tear test samples correspond well with the results of tear strength.

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“…Most of the blend like NR/EPDM, NR/NBR, NR/SBR, NR/EVA, SBR/NBR [4], NBR/EVA [1], NBR/HNBR [2] and NR/CR were incompatible and need to be improved accordingly to suit their specific targeted applications. For the past few years, many researchers have employed natural rubber (NR) and ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer EPDM synthetic rubber for the preparation of elastomeric blends [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Vulcanized NR/EPDM blend systems have been extensively studied because of their superior performance in tire application, as well as significant improvement in heat and ozone resistance [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NR/EPDM elastomeric rubber blend miscibility evaluation by two-level fractional factorial design of experiment

Razak

Ahmad²,

Ratnam

et al. 2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Fractional 25 two-level factorial design of experiment (DOE) was applied to systematically prepare the NR/EPDM blend using Haake internal mixer set-up. The process model of rubber blend preparation that correlates the relationships between the mixer process input parameters and the output response of blend compatibility was developed. Model analysis of variance (ANOVA) and model fitting through curve evaluation finalized the R 2 of 99.60% with proposed parametric combination of A = 30/70 NR/EPDM blend ratio; B = 70°C mixing temperature; C = 70 rpm of rotor speed; D = 5 minutes of mixing period and E = 1.30 phr EPDM-g-MAH compatibilizer addition, with overall 0.966 desirability. Model validation with small deviation at +2.09% confirmed the repeatability of the mixing strategy with valid maximum tensile strength output representing the blend miscibility. Theoretical calculation of NR/EPDM blend compatibility is also included and compared. In short, this study provides a brief insight on the utilization of DOE for experimental simplification and parameter inter-correlation studies, especially when dealing with multiple variables during elastomeric rubber blend preparation.

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Influence of accelerator type on properties of NR/EPDM blends

Cited by 75 publications

References 10 publications

Kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of NR/EPDM blends with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer: The eﬀect of the reactive accelerators

Kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of NR/EPDM blends with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer: The eﬀect of the reactive accelerators

Effects of accelerators on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber compounds

NR/EPDM elastomeric rubber blend miscibility evaluation by two-level fractional factorial design of experiment

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