Influence of acetylcholinesterase on embryonic spinal rat motoneurones growth in culture: a quantitative morphometric study

Bataillé, Stephan; Portalier, P.; Coulon, Patrice; Ternaux, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00065.x

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…TAN (Massman et al, 1996); motor neurons comprise part of the "global cell population." Indeed, the common pathological association for the Alzheimer's and Parkinson' disease is also demonstrated for the motor neurons (Bataille et al, 1998). Accordingly, Greenfield and Vaux (2002) proposed that these three major neurodegenerative disorders can be associated by a common mechanism.…”

Section: Motor Neuron Disease (Mnd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychomotor Theory of Human Mind

Tan

2007

International Journal of Neuroscience

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This study presents a new theory to explain the neural origins of human mind. This is the psychomotor theory. The author briefly analyzed the historical development of the mind-brain theories. The close relations between psychological and motor systems were subjected to a rather detailed analysis, using psychiatric and neurological examples. The feedback circuits between mind, brain, and body were shown to occur within the mind-brain-body triad, in normal states, and psycho-neural diseases. It was stated that psychiatric signs and symptoms are coupled with motor disturbances; neurological diseases are coupled with psychological disturbances; changes in cortico-spinal motor-system activity may influence mind-brain-body triad, and vice versa. Accordingly, a psychomotor theory was created to explain the psychomotor coupling in health and disease, stating that, not the mind-brain duality or unity, but the mind-brain-body triad as a functional unit may be essential in health and disease, because mind does not end in the brain, but further controls movements, in a reciprocal manner; mental and motor events share the same neural substrate, cortical, and spinal motoneurons; mental events emerging from the motoneuronal system expressed by the human language may be closely coupled with the unity of the mind-brain-body triad. So, the psychomotor theory rejects the mind-brain duality and instead advances the unity of the psychomotor system, which will have important consequences in understanding and improving the human mind, brain, and body in health and disease.

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Section: Motor Neuron Disease (Mnd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychomotor Theory of Human Mind

Tan

2007

International Journal of Neuroscience

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“…Because of the existence of a diffuse projection from brain stem origins to the remote areas of the brain and spinal cord, Woolf (1996) introduced the term "global neurons".This system might be extended to motor neuron disease, which can, like Parkinson`s disease, co-exits with Alzheimer-like features (Massman et al, 1996); motor neurons comprise part of the "global cell population". Indeed, the common pathological association for the Alzheimer`s and Parkinson` disease is also demonstrated for the motor neurons (Bataille et al, 1998). Accordingly, Greenfield and Vaux (2002) proposed that these three major neurodegenerative disorders can be associated by a common mechanism.…”

Section: Motor Neuron Disease (Mnd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychomotor Theory: Mind-Brain-Body Triad in Health and Disease

Tan¹

2007

Neuroquantology

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In this study I have outlined the grounds of a new theory, to explain the mind-brain-body triad in health and disease. This is the psychomotor theory. First, I have briefly analyzed the historical development of the relationship between mind and brain, which is being discussed since more than a few thousand years. The tight junctions between psychological and motor systems were subjected to a detailed analysis using examples in health and disease. The feedback circuits between mind, brain, and body were shown to occur within the mind-brain-body triad, in normal states, and psycho-neural diseases. It was stated that psychiatric signs and symptoms are coupled with motor disturbances; neurological diseases are coupled with psychological disturbances; changes in cortical and spinal motor-system activity may influence mind-brain-body triad, and vice versa. Accordingly, a psychomotor theory was created to explain the psychomotor coupling in health and disease, stating that, not the mind-brain duality or unity, but the mind-brain-body triad as a functional unit is essential in health and disease, since mind does not end in the brain, but further controls movements, in a reciprocal manner; mental and motor events share the same neural substrate, cortical and spinal motor neurons; mental events emerging from the motoneuronal system is strongly coupled with the unity of the mind-brain-body triad. So, the psychomotor theory rejects the mind-brain duality, instead, advances the unity of the psychomotor system, which will have important consequences in understanding and improving the human mind, brain, and body in health and disease.

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“…To estimate the impact of viral infection on cellular metabolism, we compared, by quantitative morphometry, the growth of the longest neurite (that can be considered as the axon) in infected and noninfected MNs during 7 days. A previous study had shown that, among several morphometric criteria, the axon length was the parameter that increased the most dramatically during 7 days of culture (Bataillé et al, 1998). Individual MNs in low density cultures, infected or noninfected with RV, were photographed daily during 7 consecutive days and the length of their longest neurite was measured ( Figure 5A).…”

Section: Neurite Growth In Mns Infected With Rvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cultures were prepared from pregnant Wistar rats at 15 days of gestation (Centre d'Élevage et de Recherche Janvier, France) according to the technique described by Bataillé et al (1998). The rst steps were common for both preparations.…”

Section: Preparation Of Cultures Of Crude Spinal Cord or Of Puri Ed Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, the infection of spinal cord motoneurons (MNs) with RV was chosen mainly because, in natural infection, these neurons are the rst to be infected in the CNS after a bite. MNs could be isolated from rat embryos and maintained in culture up to 2 weeks (Bataillé et al, 1998). These cells were infected with CVS or K4-5, a double antigenic mutant differing from CVS by two amino acids in positions 330 (lysine to asparagine) and 333 (arginine to methionine) of the glycoprotein .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rabies virus is not cytolytic for rat spinal motoneurons in vitro

Guigoni¹,

Coulon²

2002

J Neurovirol

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Cultures of puri ed rat embryonic spinal cord motoneurons were used to investigate the capacity of the neurons to survive rabies virus infection in vitro. In crude primary spinal cord cultures, neurons did not survive more than 2 days after rabies virus infection with the xed strain Challenge Virus Standard. In contrast, virus-infected puri ed motoneurons resisted cytolysis for at least 7 days, as also did infected motoneurons treated with conditioned medium sampled from rabies virus-infected crude spinal cord cultures. This survival rate was also observed when motoneurons were grown in the presence of astrocytes or broblasts and it was not dependent on the presence of growth factors in the culture medium. Moreover, terminal deoxynucleotidy l transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling experiments showed that only 30% of infected motoneurons were apoptotic after 7 days of infection. In vivo, despite the massive infection of the spinal cord in infected rat neonates, the moderate number of apoptotic cells in the ventral horn suggests that only a few motoneurons were affected by this mechanism of cell death. Morphometric analyses showed that motoneurons' axon elongated at a comparable rate in virus-infected and noninfected cultures, a sign of high metabolic activity maintained in rabies virus-infected motoneurons. In contrast, hippocampus neurons were susceptible to rabies virus infection, because 70% of infected neurons were destroyed within 3 days, a large proportion of them being apoptotic. These experiments suggest that spinal cord motoneurons consist in a neuronal population that survive rabies virus infection because the viral induction of apoptosis is delayed in these neurons. They suggest also that paralyses frequently observed in rabid animals could be the consequence of dysfunctions of the locomotor network or of the spinal cord motoneurons themselves, whose parameters could be studied in vitro. Journal of NeuroVirology (2002) 8, 306-317.

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Influence of acetylcholinesterase on embryonic spinal rat motoneurones growth in culture: a quantitative morphometric study

Cited by 57 publications

References 49 publications

The Psychomotor Theory of Human Mind

The Psychomotor Theory of Human Mind

Psychomotor Theory: Mind-Brain-Body Triad in Health and Disease

Rabies virus is not cytolytic for rat spinal motoneurons in vitro

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