Influence of acid rain upon water plumbosolvency.

Moore, M R

doi:10.1289/ehp.8563121

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Table 1 and Figure 2h indicated that nickel and lead concentrations are maximum at SS 3 , also, the concentrations at SS 1 and SS 2 are above allowable limits for aquatic ecosystem by WHO. Consequently, the toxicity of lead will be manifest due to the pH (alkalinity) of the study area (Moore 1985). Similarly, the measured temperature and pH will enhance the methylation of lead in the study area (Von Loon, 1982;Dejlido and Best, 1993).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental risk assessment of River ljana, Ekpan, Delta State Nigeria

Emoyan¹,

Akporhonor²,

Akpoborie

2008

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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The level and distribution of physiochemical contaminants (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead, zinc, temperature, pH, suspended solids (SS), dissolved solids (DS), conductivity, oil and grease, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol) were investigated in water samples obtained from River Ijana and the Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company (WRPC) effluents, using APHA standard methods of wastewater analysis. This research is aimed at quantifying the contribution of the refinery effluent, ruralyurban runoff, refinery sludge lagoon to the pollution load of the river, and the magnitude of trace metal flux to Tobi creek. for BOD, 40.88 and 52.64 mg L À 1 for COD and 0.97 and 1.37 mg L À 1 for phenol. Correlation analysis shows that P50.05, and is significant for conductivity, SS, DS, oil and grease, BOD, COD, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn. When compared with WHO/FEPA permissible limits for aquatic ecosystems, our results are indicative of the contribution of pollutant from the refinery effluent. The refinery sludge lagoon is also suspected to be responsible for the elevated concentrations downstream of the river.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental risk assessment of River ljana, Ekpan, Delta State Nigeria

Emoyan¹,

Akporhonor²,

Akpoborie

2008

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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“…Moore (1985) found that soil Pb could be solubilized by acid rain. However, results of research on the use of lime to reduce Pb solubility are mixed.…”

Section: Limementioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐Term Effect of Lime, Phosphorus, and Iron Amendments on Water‐Extractable Lead and Arsenic in Orchard Soils

Codling

Dao

2007

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Lead arsenate was extensively used to control insects in apple and plum orchards in the 1900s. Continuous use of lead arsenate resulted in elevated soil levels of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As). There are concerns that As and Pb will become solubilized upon a change in land use. In situ chemical stabilization practices, such as the use of phosphate-phosphorus (P), have been investigated as a possible method for reducing the solubility, mobility, and potential toxicity of Pb and As in these soils. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of calcium carbonate (lime), P, and iron (Fe) amendments in reducing the solubility of As and Pb in lead-arsenate-treated soils over time. Under controlled conditions, two orchard soils, Thurmont loam (Hapludults) and Burch loam (Haploxerolls), were amended with reagent-grade calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), iron hydroxide [Fe(OH) 3 ], and potassium phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ) and incubated for 16 weeks at 268C. The experimental results suggested that the inorganic P increased competitive sorption between H 2 PO 4 2 and dihydrogen arsenate (H 2 AsO 4 2 ), resulting in greater desorption of As in both Thurmont and Burch soils. Therefore, addition of lime, potassium phosphate, and Fe to lead-arsenate-contaminated soils could increase the risk of loss of soluble As and Pb from surface soil and potentially increase these metal species in runoff and movement to groundwater.

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“…A similar experience of increased lead intakes due to plumbosolvency was experienced in nearby Glasgow a few years earlier (47), and this exposure was also greatly diminished by liming of the water. Evidently, with exposures through drinking water giving rise to blood lead levels as high as those cited, adverse effects on health can be expected.…”

Section: Estimation Of Possible Impact Of Acid Precipitation On Humanmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…High intakes of lead from drinking water has been experienced by populations in Scotland following leaching of lead from the plumbing system by acidified drinking water (47). In the town of Ayr, maternal blood lead concentrations exceeded 36 j,g/100 mL in 10% of examined subjects in 1981 after drinking water levels had reached above 1000 ,ug/L in some tap samples (in 1980).…”

Section: Estimation Of Possible Impact Of Acid Precipitation On Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of effects of acid precipitation on toxicity of metals.

Nordberg¹,

Goyer²,

Clarkson³

1985

Environ Health Perspect

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Acid precipitation may increase human exposure to several potentially toxic metals by increasing metal concentrations in major pathways to man, particularly food and water, and in some instances by enhancing the conversion of metal species to more toxic forms.Human exposures to methylmercury are almost entirely by way of consumption of fish and seafood. In some countries, intakes by this route may approach the levels that can give rise to adverse health effects for population groups with a high consumption of these food items. A possible increase in methylmercury concentrations in fish from lakes affected by acid precipitation may thus be of concern to selected population groups.Human exposures to lead reach levels that are near those associated with adverse health effects in certain sensitive segments of the general population in several countries. The possibility exists that increased exposures to lead may be caused by acid precipitation through a mobilization of lead from soils into crops. A route of exposure to lead that may possibly be influenced by acid precipitation is an increased deterioration of surface materials containing lead and a subsequent ingestion by small children. A similar situation with regard to uptake from food exists for cadmium (at least in some countries).Human metal exposures via drinking water may be increased by acid precipitation. Decreasing pH increases corrosiveness of water enhancing the mobilization of metal salts from soil; metallic compounds may be mobilized from minerals, which may eventually reach drinking water. Also, the dissolution of metals (Pb, Cd, Cu) from piping systems for drinking water by soft acidic waters of high corrosivity may increase metal concentrations in drinking water. Exposures have occasionally reached concentrations which are in the range where adverse health effects may be expected in otherwise healthy persons. Dissolution from piping systems can be prevented by neutralizing the water before distribution.Increased aluminum concentrations in water is a result mainly of the occurrence of Al in acidified natural waters and the use of Al chemicals in drinking water purification. If such water is used for dialysis in patients with chronic renal failure, it may give rise to cases of dialysis dementia and other disorders. A possible influence on health of persons with normal renal function (e.g., causing Alzheimers disease) is uncertain and requires further investigation.While all of the mentioned possibilities for increased metal exposures due to acid precipitation do exist, information that allows a quantitative estimation of their importance is almost entirely lacking and more research is needed.For an evaluation of the impact to human health of increased metal exposures, present knowledge about relationships between dose (or exposure) and the risk for adverse effects are reviewed. It is concluded that improved knowledge would be desirable for several of the metals discussed. Particularly, for an evaluation of possible adverse effects of aluminum in pers...

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Influence of acid rain upon water plumbosolvency.

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Environmental risk assessment of River ljana, Ekpan, Delta State Nigeria

Environmental risk assessment of River ljana, Ekpan, Delta State Nigeria

Short‐Term Effect of Lime, Phosphorus, and Iron Amendments on Water‐Extractable Lead and Arsenic in Orchard Soils

Impact of effects of acid precipitation on toxicity of metals.

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