Influence of activated flux on weld bead hardness of MIG welded austenitic stainless steel

Chakraborty, Abhishek; Sharma, Chaitanya; Rathee, Sandeep; Srivastava, Manu

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.168

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Chakraborty et al [12] employed three different AF, (NH 4 ) 2 (FeSO 4 ) 2 , NaHCO 3, and (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 , during the GMAW process for SS-202 welding. It was revealed that the highest depth of penetration was obtained with (NH 4 ) 2 (FeSO 4 ) 2 as AF, and the minimum and maximum bead widths were obtained using (NH 4 ) 2 (FeSO 4 ) 2 and NaHCO 3 respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of activating fluxes on geometry, hardness, and microstructure of 316L stainless steel in GMAW

WANG,

Klaric

2024

Preprint

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Activating fluxes (AF) can be applied in the welding process to improve the morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, etc. In regard to published research on AF application in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, there are limited studies concerning the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process. This gap in research has prompted investigations aimed at finding out the AF’s influence during the GMAW process. The purpose of this paper is to apply three AF (SiO2, TiO2, and CaCO3) in 316L stainless steel GMAW processing and to analyze their influence on weld bead geometry, hardness and microstructure. The results showed that the highest penetration and the smallest width can be obtained using TiO2 as AF, and the highest reinforcement can be obtained by CaCO3 as AF. They also indicated that AF addition could significantly increase after-welding hardness, which might be caused by the microstructure changes. The microstructure observation revealed that the welding area without AF was mainly composed of austenite, and due to the addition of AF increased the welding temperature, which caused the martensite structure to be found in these samples. The heat treatment was introduced to reduce the hardness since the too big and uneven hardness would bring negative consequences such as brittleness. The after-HT analysis showed that HT can reduce the hardness effectively and can improve the uniformity of whole weld bead. Additionally, it was found that samples with AF were more sensitive to HT. This study concludes that AF can be applied in GMAW welding process and can influence the weld bead significantly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of activating fluxes on geometry, hardness, and microstructure of 316L stainless steel in GMAW

WANG,

Klaric

2024

Preprint

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“…MIG welding is the most common welding method for fusion welding. It is widely used for aluminum alloys [5], carbon steel [6], stainless steel [7], and copper [8]. MIG welding offers high welding power, high welding current, concentrated arc heat, good welding quality, and the ability to weld in a variety of positions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Morphology, Microstructure, and Properties of 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy Joints in MIG Welding

Cui

Tian

et al. 2023

Metals

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In this paper, metal inert gas (MIG) welding of 6082-T6 aluminum alloy with a thickness of 4 mm was simulated using a double ellipsoidal heat source. Based on the simulation results, the evolution of the microstructure, the strengthening mechanism of mechanical properties, and the corrosion characteristics of the welded joint were studied further. The thermal cycle curve of the welded joint was obtained through numerical simulation. When the heat input was 2.34–2.75 KJ/mm, the temperature of the welded joint reached the melting point of the material. With the increase in welding heat input, the weld metal (WM) organization changed from the dendrite to the cellular crystal transformation and presented a uniform distribution. The precipitation of the strengthened phase was inhibited at 2.75 KJ/mm. When the heat input changed from small to large, the tensile strength and toughness first increased and then weakened. Dimple distribution of tensile fractures was observed with a scanning electron microscope. When the welding heat input was 2.57 KJ/mm, the mechanical properties of the joint were the best. The tensile strength can reach 76.62% of the base material, and the elongation after breaking can reach 59.38% of the base material. However, it was concluded through studying electrochemical corrosion that the corrosion resistance of welded joints under this parameter was the worst. This may be caused by the presence of Cu, Fe, Si, Mg, and other compounds, and was proven to be Mg2Si through EDS analysis.

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“…In this sense, Ning et al [22] compared MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding and laser-MIG hybrid welding on Nitrogen-rich austenitic steel, analyzing mechanical and microstructural properties of the weld bead. Chakraborty et al [23] performed the welding of stainless steel plates varying the type of flux material and the geometry of the MIG weld bead. Jaypuria et al [21] studied the variation of parameters in pulse-MIG welding, considering penetration and dilution in the process, and developing a regression model between inputs and outputs using statistical tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Optimization of the GMAW Welding Process in Thin Thickness of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Taguchi Method

et al. 2021

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In the present work, an analysis of different welding parameters was carried out on the welding of stainless-steel thin thickness tubes by the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process. The influence of three main parameters, welding voltage, movement angle, and welding current in the quality of the welds, was studied through a specifically designed experimental process based on the establishment of three different levels of values for each of these parameters. Weld quality is evaluated using destructive testing (macrographic analysis). Specifically, the width and root penetration of the weld bead were measured; however, some samples have been disregarded due to welding defects outside the permissible range or caused by excessive melting of the base metals. Data are interpreted, discussed, and analyzed using the Taguchi method and ANOVA analysis. From the analysis of variance, it was possible to identify the most influential parameter, the welding voltage, with a contribution of 43.55% for the welding penetration and 75.26% for the bead width, which should be considered in the designs of automatic welding processes to improve the quality of final welds.

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Influence of activated flux on weld bead hardness of MIG welded austenitic stainless steel

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of activating fluxes on geometry, hardness, and microstructure of 316L stainless steel in GMAW

Effect of activating fluxes on geometry, hardness, and microstructure of 316L stainless steel in GMAW

Study on the Morphology, Microstructure, and Properties of 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy Joints in MIG Welding

Parametric Optimization of the GMAW Welding Process in Thin Thickness of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Taguchi Method

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