Influence of added electrolyte to the stationary phase on retention and selectivity in gas-liquid chromatography

King, Jerry W.

doi:10.1021/ac60358a062

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Selectivity was approached thermodynamically (8951, on the basis of solution theory (1101 1, and electron donor-acceptor interactions (949), from the dependence of selectivity coefficients on the surface tension of the stationary phase (68,1266), and in terms of the relative retention calculated from vapor pressure and molecular volume data of the solutes (412). Selectivity was modified by adding electrolytes (863) and surface active agents (221) to the liquid phase. The dependence of the retention behavior on the stationary phase molecular weight was derived by Martire (1055), while Haken (653) considered incremental polarity effects.…”

Section: Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography

Cram¹,

Juvet²

1976

Anal. Chem.

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Section: Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography

Cram¹,

Juvet²

1976

Anal. Chem.

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“…Conversely, the use of water as a stationary phase component has been relatively much less explored. For instance, early reports on gas‐ and liquid‐phase separations investigated aqueous layers on stationary phase particles for their impact on surface activity and chromatographic selectivity . In modern regards, HILIC methods also rely on the formation of an aqueous layer for analyte partitioning .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coating properties of a novel water stationary phase in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography

Murakami

Thurbide

2015

J of Separation Science

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The coating properties of a novel water stationary phase used in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography were investigated. The findings confirm that increasing the length or internal diameter of the type 316 stainless-steel column used provides a linear increase in the volume of stationary phase present. Under normal operating conditions, results indicate that about 4.9 ± 0.5 μL/m of water phase is deposited uniformly inside of a typical 250 μm internal diameter 316 stainless-steel column, which translates to an area coverage of about 6.3 ± 0.5 nL/mm(2) regardless of dimension. Efforts to increase the stationary phase volume present showed that etching the stainless-steel capillary wall using hydrofluoric acid was very effective for this. For instance, after five etching cycles, this volume doubled inside of both the type 304 and the type 316 stainless-steel columns examined. This in turn doubled analyte retention, while maintaining good peak shape and column efficiency. Overall, 316 stainless-steel columns were more resistant to etching than 304 stainless-steel columns. Results indicate that this approach could be useful to employ as a means of controlling the volume of water stationary phase that can be established inside of the stainless-steel columns used with this supercritical fluid chromatography technique.

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“…For example, there have been a few reports of water forming a coating on solid support particles in the early development of GC. − Although water’s use as a GC stationary phase coating was initially limited in its analytical utility due to its polar nature and in situ volatility, it did prove very useful in physical chemistry applications to quantify various interfacial , and solution , properties of molecules. Subsequently, aqueous solutions containing various ions have been used in analytical GC as coatings on solid particles in order to alter analyte selectivity. , Beyond this, there have also been some isolated reports of the use of water as an HPLC stationary phase, either coated on a solid particle or as a pure, solid, water−ice phase itself . Furthermore, in relation to this, liquid water has also been used to form a pseudostationary phase in the absence of any solid support particles in a number of alternative separation techniques such as counter-current chromatography (CCC), cocurrent chromatography, and radial tube distribution chromatography …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, aqueous solutions containing various ions have been used in analytical GC as coatings on solid particles in order to alter analyte selectivity. 21,22 Beyond this, there have also been some isolated reports of the use of water as an HPLC stationary phase, either coated on a solid particle 23 or as a pure, solid, water-ice phase itself. 24 Furthermore, in relation to this, liquid water has also been used to form a pseudostationary phase in the absence of any solid support particles in a number of alternative separation techniques such as counter-current chromatography (CCC), 25 cocurrent chromatography, 26 and radial tube distribution chromatography.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chromatography Using a Water Stationary Phase and a Carbon Dioxide Mobile Phase

Fogwill

Thurbide

2010

Anal. Chem.

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A novel chromatographic separation method is introduced which employs water (saturated with CO(2)) as a stationary phase and CO(2) (saturated with water) as a mobile phase. Since water and CO(2) have little miscibility, conditions can be attained that create a stationary phase of water lining the inside of an uncoated stainless steel capillary. Because altering temperature and pressure can change both the density of the mobile phase and the polarity of the stationary phase, these experimental parameters offer good flexibility for optimizing separations and allow for different gradient programmed separation options. Further, since this method is free of organic stationary and mobile phase components, it is environmentally compatible and allows the use of universal flame ionization detection. This system offers very good sample capacity, peak symmetry, and retention time reproducibility (∼1% RSD run-to-run, ∼4% RSD day-to-day). Analytes such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols, and tocopherols are employed to investigate this relatively inexpensive and robust method. As an application, the system is used to quantify ethanol in alcoholic beverages and biofuel and to analyze caffeine levels in drinks. In all cases, quantitative results are obtained with quick throughput times and often little need for sample preparation.

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Influence of added electrolyte to the stationary phase on retention and selectivity in gas-liquid chromatography

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Gas chromatography

Gas chromatography

Coating properties of a novel water stationary phase in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography

Chromatography Using a Water Stationary Phase and a Carbon Dioxide Mobile Phase

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