Influence of aerosols on clouds, precipitation and freezing level height over the foothills of the Himalayas during the Indian summer monsoon

Adhikari, Pramod; Mejía, John F.

doi:10.1007/s00382-021-05710-2

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The suppression of light and enhanced heavy precipitation due to modulated convective strength by anthropogenic aerosol is consistent with a simulated study over eastern China by Shao et al (2022). The increased precipitation over the foothills with an invigorated convection is consistent with our other study based on satellite retrieval, showing an enhancement of precipitation due to the atmospheric aerosols over the southern slopes of the Central Himalayas (Adhikari and Mejia, 2021). Also, another satellite-based study by Choudhury et al (2020) suggests the higher aerosol loading with the increased moist static energy significantly contributed to the extreme precipitation events over the Himalayan foothills.…”

Section: Aerosol Effect On Cloudssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…and transports them to the southern slopes of the Himalayas and even to the Tibetan Plateau (Kang et al, 2019;Ji et al, 2015;Vernier et al, 2011). Adhikari and Mejia (2021) indicated that the heavier aerosol loadings contribute to the increased freezing isotherm over the Central Himalayas during the monsoonal season. The increasing trend of the freezing level height (FLH) has been reported around the globe (e.g., Wang et al, 2014;Bradley et al, 2009;Zhang and Guo, 2011;Prein and Heymsfield, 2020;Lynn et al, 2020), and can impact the snowline altitude (Wang et al, 2014;Prein and Heymsfield, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Aerosols-precipitation elevation dependence over the Central Himalayas using cloud-resolving WRF-Chem numerical modeling

Adhikari

Mejía²

2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols can modulate the orographic precipitation impacting the evolution of clouds through radiation and microphysical pathways. This study implements the cloud-resolving Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) to study the response of the Central Himalayan elevation-dependent precipitation to the atmospheric aerosols. The first monsoonal month of 2013 is simulated to assess the effect of aerosols through radiation and cloud interactions. The results show that the response of diurnal variation and precipitation intensities (light, moderate, and heavy) to aerosol radiation and cloud interaction depended on the different elevational ranges of the Central Himalayan region. Below 2000 m ASL, the total effect of aerosols resulted in suppressed mean light precipitation by 19 % while enhancing the moderate and heavy precipitation by 3 % and 12 %, respectively. In contrast, above 2000 m ASL, a significant reduction of all three categories of precipitation intensity occurred with the 11 % reduction in mean precipitation. These contrasting altitudinal precipitation responses to the increased anthropogenic aerosols can significantly impact the hydroclimate of the Central Himalayas, increasing the risk for extreme events and influencing the regional supply of water resources.

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Section: Aerosol Effect On Cloudssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aerosols-precipitation elevation dependence over the Central Himalayas using cloud-resolving WRF-Chem numerical modeling

Adhikari

Mejía²

2022

Preprint

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“…In this study, leaf δ 15 N was positively correlated with altitude, and from another perspective, it could be considered to be indirectly negatively correlated with temperature and precipitation, i.e., it is consistent with the relationship of precipitation in the global pattern and opposite to that of temperature. The possible reason was that the increase in altitude would lead to a decrease in precipitation and temperature, but the Gyirong region was more influenced by the warm and humid airflow from the Indian Ocean ( Adhikari and Mejia, 2021 ; Li et al., 2022 ), so that precipitation might have a more prominent effect on T. fuana . Therefore, the leaf δ 15 N of T. fuana showed a positive trend with altitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific and sex-dependent variation of leaf traits along altitude gradient in the endangered dioecious tree Taxus fuana Nan Li & R.R. Mill

Shen-Tu

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Plant intraspecific trait variation (ITV) including sex-dependent differences are matters of many ecological consequences, from individual to ecosystem, especially in endangered and rare species. Taxus fuana is an endangered dioecious species with small and isolated populations endemic to the Himalayas region. Little is known about its trait variation between sexes, and among populations. In this study, 18 leaf traits from 179 reproductive trees (males and females) along the altitude (2600-3200m a.s.l.) of the T. fuana populations distributed in Gyirong County, Tibet, China, were measured. ITV and sources of variation in leaf traits were assessed. The relationship between leaf traits of males and females and altitude was analyzed separately. Variations in leaf traits of T. fuana ranged from 3.1% to 24.2%, with the smallest in leaf carbon content and the largest in leaf thickness to area ratio. On average 78.13% of the variation in leaf traits was from within populations and 21.87% among populations. The trends in leaf width, leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio, leaf carbon isotope ratio, and leaf nitrogen isotope ratio in relation to altitude were the same for males and females. Leaf length to width ratio varied significantly with altitude only in males, while leaf phosphorus content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf carbon to phosphorus ratio varied significantly with altitude only in females. The correlation coefficients of most leaf traits of females with altitude were larger than that of males. In the relationship between leaf traits, there was a high similarity among males and females, but the altitude accounted for more explanation in females than in males. Our results suggested that the variation in leaf traits of T. fuana was small and did not dominate the interspecific competition in the local communities. Adaptation to the altitude gradient of T. fuana might be through altering nutrient storage processes and water use efficiency. Adaptation of male and female T. fuana to environmental changes showed differences, where the males were more tolerant and the females responded greatly to altitude. The differences in adaptation strategies between male and female T. fuana may be detrimental to the maintenance of their populations.

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“…The deep convective activity and southwesterly monsoonal flow incorporate the remote dust and anthropogenic aerosols from the IGP and transport them to the southern slopes of the Himalayas and even to the Tibetan Plateau (Kang et al, 2019;Ji et al, 2015;Vernier et al, 2011). Adhikari and Mejia (2021) indicated that the heavier aerosol loadings contribute to the increased freezing isotherm over the central Himalayas during the monsoonal season. The increasing trend of the freezing level height (FLH) has been reported around the globe (e.g., Bradley et al, 2009;Zhang and Guo, 2011;Prein and Heymsfield, 2020;Lynn et al, 2020) and can impact the snowline altitude (Wang et al, 2014;Prein and Heymsfield, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cho et al (2016) suggested that anthropogenic climate forcing modifies the circulation structure, triggers the intense rainfall over northern South Asia, and increases the risk of flood severity. Furthermore, long-term observational studies by Choudhury et al (2020) and Adhikari and Mejia (2021) showed that the aerosol invigorated cloud development and enhanced the precipitation over the southern slopes of the central Himalayas. The localized extreme weather events over the complex mountainous terrain pose a higher hazard due to flash floods and landslides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol–precipitation elevation dependence over the central Himalayas using cloud-resolving WRF-Chem numerical modeling

Adhikari

Mejía

2023

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols can modulate the orographic precipitation impacting the evolution of clouds through radiation and microphysical pathways. This study implements the cloud-resolving Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to study the response of the central Himalayan elevation-dependent precipitation to the atmospheric aerosols. The first monsoonal month of 2013 is simulated to assess the effect of aerosols through radiation and cloud interactions. The results show that the response of diurnal variation and precipitation intensities (light, moderate, and heavy) to aerosol radiation and cloud interaction depended on the different elevational ranges of the central Himalayan region. Below 2000 m a.s.l., the total effect of aerosols resulted in suppressed mean light precipitation by 19 % while enhancing the moderate and heavy precipitation by 3 % and 12 %, respectively. In contrast, above 2000 m a.s.l., a significant reduction of all three categories of precipitation intensity occurred with the 11 % reduction in mean precipitation. These contrasting altitudinal precipitation responses to the increased anthropogenic aerosols can significantly impact the hydroclimate of the central Himalayas, increasing the risk for extreme events and influencing the regional supply of water resources.

show abstract

Influence of aerosols on clouds, precipitation and freezing level height over the foothills of the Himalayas during the Indian summer monsoon

Cited by 16 publications

References 84 publications

Aerosols-precipitation elevation dependence over the Central Himalayas using cloud-resolving WRF-Chem numerical modeling

Aerosols-precipitation elevation dependence over the Central Himalayas using cloud-resolving WRF-Chem numerical modeling

Intraspecific and sex-dependent variation of leaf traits along altitude gradient in the endangered dioecious tree Taxus fuana Nan Li & R.R. Mill

Aerosol–precipitation elevation dependence over the central Himalayas using cloud-resolving WRF-Chem numerical modeling

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