Influence of Age and Inoculum Level on Shed Pattern of Salmonella typhimurium in Chickens

Sadler, W. W.; Brownell, J. R.; Fanelli, M. J.

doi:10.2307/1588587

Cited by 83 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…4,12 Although the rapid whole-blood test using S. pullorum antigen is widely applied in the field, it is reported to be the least sensitive and most unreliable of available tests to serologically diagnose paratyphoid infections. 9,11 False-positive and false-negative reactions are commonly encountered with this test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salmonella Enteritidis in Commercial Layer Farms in New York State; Environmental Survey Results and Significance of Available Monitoring Tests

et al. 1992

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Abstract. Seven hundred fifty-one environmental samples were collected from 76 chicken layer houses in a voluntary Salmonella enteritidis (SE) survey study carried out in New York state between January 15 and April 8, 1991. SE was recovered from both houses on 1 farm. Sampling of manure pits and mice in hen houses was useful for SE screening. Phage types of SE from the environment, birds, and mice were identical. The rapid whole-blood test was unreliable, and culture of cloaca1 swabs was inadequate for detection of SE carriers. Culture of organs from chickens did not correlate well with results of environmental samples.Although Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection is actually not a serious disease of chickens, the negative publicity that has resulted from the incrimination of fresh eggs in recent human SE outbreaks' has now made SE 1 of the most important problems confronting the egg industry. The detection of SE in flocks of laying hens has thus become a public health priority and a matter of great concern to egg producers.A variety of diagnostic procedures have been developed for detection of salmonella infections in poultry. Serologic tests for paratyphoid salmonellae have low sensitivity and poor reliability.9,11 Bacteriologic culture of environmental samples has become a popular method for SE survey studies in poultry houses. The recovery of SE from internal tissues is an indication of infection with an invasive strain with a potential of transovarian contamination of eggs.2 Cloaca1 swab culture was selected for inclusion in this study to detect SE in live birds that were needed for research purpose. Although cloaca1 culture has been applied widely under field conditions, its reliability for detecting avian salmonellosis seems limited. 4,5,9 Rats and mice are frequently intestinal carriers of paratyphoid organisms. 5This paper reports findings of a field surveillance study on SE infection in commercial layers in New York state. The results of salmonella isolation from internal organs, cloaca1 swabs, and fecal samples were compared with serologic results using a rapid wholeblood test with S. pullorum antigen. Similar compar-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cloaca1 culture has been applied widely under field conditions, its reliability for detecting avian salmonellosis seems limited. 4,5,9 Rats and mice are frequently intestinal carriers of paratyphoid organisms. 5 This paper reports findings of a field surveillance study on SE infection in commercial layers in New York state.…”

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confidence: 99%

Salmonella Enteritidis in Commercial Layer Farms in New York State; Environmental Survey Results and Significance of Available Monitoring Tests

et al. 1992

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“…The study showed that 52-9 % of the flocks were environmentally contaminated with salmonellas. Prevalence of salmonellas in layer flocks Considering the fact that the environment of adult hens was examined, it was expected that the percentage would be lower because chickens rapidly become resistant to salmonella infection with increase in age [35,36]. The finding that such a high percentage of the environmental samples were contaminated with salmonellas may be explained by persistence of contamination in poultry houses for long periods of time and for consecutive generations of birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and other Salmonella spp. among Canadian registered commercial layer flocks

Poppe¹,

Irwin²,

Forsberg³

et al. 1991

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYA survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and other salmonellas among Canadian commercial egg producing flocks. Environmental (faecal and eggbelt) samples from 152 of 295 (52-9 %) randomly selected flocks were contaminated with salmonellas. Thirty-five different salmonella serovars were isolated. Eggbelt samples were more often contaminated with salmonellas than faecal samples (25-7 v. 10-1 %). The most prevalent serovars were S. heidelberg, S. infantis, S. hadar, and S. schwarzengrund; they were isolated from samples of 59/295 (20%), 18/295 (6-1 %), 17/295 (5-8%), and 15/295 (541%) flocks, respectively. Feed samples of 21/295 (7-2 %) flocks were contaminated with salmonellas. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from the environmental samples of 8/295 (2-7 %) flocks. Salmonella enteritidis phage type (PT) 8 was isolated from 5 flocks, PT 13a from 2 flocks, and PT 13 from 1 flock.

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“…Certainly the intestinal flora of newly hatched chicks varies in terms of both the number of organisms and the complexity of the flora (Mead & Impey, 1986;Hinton, Lim & Linton, 1987). Secondly the age of the bird at the time of challenge may be relevant since newly hatched chicks may be up to 2 days of age when they leave the hatchery and it is recognized that they become less susceptible to infection during the first few days of life (Milner & Shaffer, 1952;Sadler, Brownell & Fanelli, 1969;Impey, Mead & Hinton, 1987).…”

Section: Discusstonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella infection in chicks following the consumption of artificially contaminated feed

Hinton

1988

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYPoultry feed was contaminated artificially with either Salmonella kedougou or S. livingstone using a two-stage mixing process. Intestinal infection became established in a small proportion of birds when feed containing between 0·1 and 0·3 salmonellas/g was given continuously for 2 or 3 weeks from the day of their purchase as ‘day-olds’ while nearly all birds became infected when the feed contained 100–300 salmonellas/g. Between these limits a dose response was demonstrated in that the proportion of birds becoming colonized with salmonellas increased as the numbers of salmoncllas added to feed was increased.Nalidixic acid-resistant strains of both serotypes were used to facilitate the recovery of organisms. The isolation rate was higher from dilutions of euccal contents inoculated directly onto brilliant green agar supplemented with nalidixic acid than it was from swabs of cloacal faeces, even when an enrichment technique was used. This observation confirms that the incidence of salmonella carriage in flocks will be under-estimated if only cloacal faeces are cultured.Of the two serotypes used S. kedougou proved the more efficient colonizer although for both scrotypes variation in infection rates was demonstrated in different groups of birds given feed containing comparable numbers of salmoncllas.

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Influence of Age and Inoculum Level on Shed Pattern of Salmonella typhimurium in Chickens

Cited by 83 publications

References 2 publications

Salmonella Enteritidis in Commercial Layer Farms in New York State; Environmental Survey Results and Significance of Available Monitoring Tests

Salmonella Enteritidis in Commercial Layer Farms in New York State; Environmental Survey Results and Significance of Available Monitoring Tests

The prevalence of Salmonella enteritidis and other Salmonella spp. among Canadian registered commercial layer flocks

Salmonella infection in chicks following the consumption of artificially contaminated feed

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