Influence of Age and Production Type on Liver Copper Concentrations in Calves

Puschner, Birgit; Thurmond, Mark; Choi, Young-Ku

doi:10.1177/104063870401600503

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Young animals have a greater need for iron and zinc compared to older animals [1, 20]. This may be the biological explication for the higher liver concentrations typically found in young animals compared to older animals [21, 22]. The zinc level steadily drops from birth until 2 years because growing animals need more zinc than non-growing animals [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of trace elements and potential toxic elements in bovine livers: A trend analysis from 2007 to 2018

et al. 2019

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Trace elements and potential toxic elements were analyzed in bovine livers submitted for autopsy in the Netherlands during the years 2007 to 2018. The age of each animal was recorded. In total, 1544 livers were analyzed for cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium and zinc. Less than 2% of the liver samples were from veal calves. Young animals had significantly higher concentrations of iron and zinc in their livers compared to animals older than one year, while older animals had significantly higher levels of cadmium and molybdenum in their livers. Animals aged 1 to 2 years had the lowest copper and selenium levels. There was a tendency for lower chromium and nickel levels during the last years of the testing period, while copper showed an increase. Lead intoxication was only seen in the youngest group of cattle, while copper intoxication, defined as a liver copper of more than 1000 mg/kg dry matter, occurred in older animals, mainly in animals of 3 to 4 years old. This trend analysis of trace elements in bovine livers of cattle over time in recent years, and the relation of liver element concentrations with age of the animal, provides insight in the uptake and storage of these elements by cattle in The Netherlands. Possible reasons for observed trends and age-related patterns are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of trace elements and potential toxic elements in bovine livers: A trend analysis from 2007 to 2018

et al. 2019

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“…The mean (SEM) liver copper wet weight concentrations for the placebo, zinc Met, and ZO treated calves were 175.6 (105.6), 143.5 (60.4), and 110.1 (62.0) mg/kg, respectively. It has been reported that newborn calves without clinical signs of copper deficiency or toxicosis can be expected to have liver copper concentrations ranging from 62 to 125 mg/kg wet weight or 190 to 380 mg/kg DW (Puschner et al, 2004b). Calves in the placebo, zinc Met, and ZO treatment groups had mean liver copper DW values higher than this range at exit, indicating that the zinc supplementation did not cause a deficiency in liver copper concentrations.…”

Section: Elisa Status At Enrollmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

A double-blind block randomized clinical trial on the effect of zinc as a treatment for diarrhea in neonatal Holstein calves under natural challenge conditions

Glover¹,

Puschner²,

Rossow³

et al. 2013

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Diarrhea is the leading cause of death in neonatal calves and contributes to major economic losses. The objective of this double-blind randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of oral inorganic or organic zinc supplementation as a treatment for neonatal diarrhea in calves. Seventy nine 1 to 8 day old male Holstein calves on a California calf ranch were block randomized to one of 3 treatments within 24h from their first onset of diarrhea. Calves received a daily dose of either a placebo composed of 80 mg of zinc-free powder, 381.54 mg of zinc methionine (Met) (equivalent to 80 mg of zinc), or 99.69 mg of zinc oxide (ZO) (equivalent to 80 mg of zinc) in 2L of a zinc-free oral rehydration solution (ORS). Calves were treated once daily until normal fecal consistency or for a maximum of 14 days. Upon enrollment and exit, calves were weighed, and blood, feces, and liver biopsies were collected for trace mineral analysis. Fecal samples at enrollment and exit were tested for E. coli K99, Cryptosporidium spp., rotavirus and coronavirus. Pre-treatment liver zinc concentrations for the 71 calves in the placebo, zinc Met, and ZO treatment groups were 710.6 (SEM=147.7), 852.3 (SEM=129.6), and 750.7 (SEM=202.9)mg/kg dry weight (DW), respectively. Exit liver zinc concentrations for the calves in the placebo, zinc Met, and ZO treatment groups were 728.9 (SEM=182.9), 1141.0 (SEM=423.8), and 636.8 (SEM=81.5)mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Although statistically non-significant, there were clinically important findings identified for each of zinc Met and ZO treatments. Calves treated with zinc Met gained on average 40 g/day during a diarrhea episode compared to a weight loss of 67 g/day on average in the placebo-treated calves (Power 19.9%). Calves treated with ZO had 1.4 times higher hazard of clinical cure compared to calves in the placebo group (Power 5.3%). Calves that were fecal positive to cryptosporidium spp. at enrollment and treated with zinc Met had higher odds of testing negative at exit compared to placebo calves (Odds Ratio (OR)=16.0). In contrast, calves treated with ZO tended to recover (fecal score=1) one day earlier compared to calves treated with a placebo (8.5 d vs. 9.7 d). The current trial identified clinically important findings that warrant further research to investigate zinc's therapeutic effect for calf diarrhea.

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“…Contrast myelography showed no compressive lesions of the spinal cord. Concentrations of liver copper were within the reference range 21 (mean ± SD, 226.6 ± 181.6 mg/kg dry matter [DM] basis; range, 95.2–491.7 mg/kg DM) in the calves evaluated. No anticholinesterase activity was detected in the 5 liver samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of a Central and Peripheral Axonopathy in Rouge‐des‐prés (Maine Anjou) Calves

Timsit

Albaric

Colle

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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ackground: Recently, a progressive pelvic limb ataxia and paraparesis leading invariably to recumbency has been reported in Rouge-des-pre´s calves.Objectives: To characterize the clinical and pathological findings of this newly reported disease and to investigate its potential causes.Animals: Nine calves from 7 different farms were prospectively studied from initial diagnosis through postmortem examination.Methods: Physical and neurological examinations, blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and myelographic examinations were performed. Neuropathology was carried out on both central and peripheral nervous systems. Copper deficiency and organophosphate intoxication also were investigated. Pedigrees were analyzed.Results: Age of onset varied from 2 to 6 weeks. Initial signs included pelvic limb ataxia and paraparesis. The neurological signs systematically progressed, over a 1-3-month period, to severe pelvic limb and truncal ataxia along with moderate paraparesis, leading to permanent recumbency. Animals remained alert. Cranial nerve function was normal. Muscle atrophy was not observed and spinal reflexes were normal. Blood tests, CSF analysis, and myelographic examination did not identify any abnormality. Neuropathology indicated neuronal fiber degeneration particularly in the dorsolateral and ventromedial funiculi of the spinal cord and in the peripheral nerves. Degenerative lesions also were observed in lateral vestibular and thoracic nuclei.No environmental factors such as copper deficiency or organophosphate intoxication could be incriminated as the cause of this axonopathy. Pedigree analysis suggested an inherited defect.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The first description of a central and peripheral axonopathy is reported in Rougedes-pre´s calves. An inherited defect is highly suspected.

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Influence of Age and Production Type on Liver Copper Concentrations in Calves

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Levels of trace elements and potential toxic elements in bovine livers: A trend analysis from 2007 to 2018

Levels of trace elements and potential toxic elements in bovine livers: A trend analysis from 2007 to 2018

A double-blind block randomized clinical trial on the effect of zinc as a treatment for diarrhea in neonatal Holstein calves under natural challenge conditions

Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of a Central and Peripheral Axonopathy in Rouge‐des‐prés (Maine Anjou) Calves

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