Influence of Age on Intravenous Glucose Tolerance and Serum Immunoreactive Insulin

Crockford, P. M.; Harbeck, RonaldJ.; Williams, R. E. O.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(66)91462-0

Cited by 80 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1 Diabetics significantly different from controls at p < 0.05. 2 Diabetics significantly different from controls at p < 0.01. 3 Diabetics significantly different from controls at p < 0.001.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Endogeneous Insulin and Growth Hormone Response in Children with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 1968

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ExtractForty-five children with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus were evaluated in terms of endogenous release of insulin and growth hormone using glucose, tolbutamide, arginine and glucagon as stimuli. The mean concentration of insulin in the plasma obtained from fasting diabetic children was found to be 10.0 ^U/ml, a value significantly below the mean level of 15.3 jnUjml in the control group. Essentially no increase in the concentration of insulin in plasma resulted from stimulation with the above agents. The mean concentration of growth hormone in the plasma of fasting diabetics was found to be 3.8 m^g/ml, a value higher than but not significantly different from the value of 2.5 m^wg/ml in the contrast patients. Following the intravenous infusion of arginine, however, the mean concentration of growth hormone in the plasma of diabetic children rose to 20.8 m/^g/ml, a level significantly higher than the mean peak value of 7.4 m/^g/ml in the nondiabetics. Although no change in the concentration of growth hormone followed glucagon injection in the nondiabetic children, a prompt, significant elevation to 9.4 m^g/ml occurred in the diabetics. Glucagon administration has not previously been reported to stimulate the release of growth hormone. SpeculationInsulin deficiency alone will not adequately explain the variability in clinical symptomatology and metabolic derangement seen in children with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. These data suggest that growth hormone may play an important role. The finding that glucagon administration stimulates release of growth hormone in the juvenile diabetic may indicate the presence of a previously unrecognized interrelation between glucagon-growth hormone and insulin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Endogenous release of insulin in the normal individual may be stimulated by a variety of agents, including glucose [2,42], tolbutamide [34,43], arginine [13,24] and glucagon [3,35,39]. It is possible that each of these four compounds may produce stimulation of the pancreatic beta cell by basically different mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogeneous Insulin and Growth Hormone Response in Children with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 1968

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“…A diminished glucose tolerance in elderly humans [12,2,9,11,14,5] and in rats [3] is shown to occur. Its pathogenesis, however, has not been fully evaluated as relatively few large scale studies have been carried out in the aged to correlate functional response with islet morphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The functional significance of a spontaneous pancreatic islet change in aged rats

1968

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Summary.A decreased glucose tolerance as compared with that of healthy young rats was found in male aged rats (52 weeks) of the Sprague-Dawley strain whose panereatic islet morphology was normal. This abnormM pattern of tolerance was further exaggerated in rats with a spontaneous islet change (fibrosis and enlargement) described by us previously. These observations suggest that in aged rats a discrepancy between insulin demand and availability preceded the morphological changes of the pancreatic islets. Thus, the islet fibrosis and enlargement may be regarded as an expression of a failing compensatory adjustment. Signification fonctionnelle du changement epo~tang dee ";lots pancrgatiquee chez lee rats dgdsRdsum~. Chez le rat de souehe Sprague-Dawley (ms la toldrance au glucose dtait rdduite chez le groupe g~gd de 52 semaines relativement ~ celle des jeunes animaux bien que leurs riots pancrdatiques soient apparus histologiquement normaux. Cette diminution de ]a tol6rance au glucose dtait encore plus s6v@re chez les rats du groupe &gd dont les ilots pancr6atiques montraicnt certaines altdrations morphologiques spontandes, que nous avons dderites prdc6demment (i. e.. fibrose et hypertrophic). --Ces observations suggbrent que ehez les rats gg6s une disparit6 entre les demandes et Ies disponibilitds insuliniques prgc6de les altdrations morphologiques des riots panerdatiques. La fibrose et l'agrandissement des riots pourraient @tre alors les manifestations de la ddfaillanee du mdcanisme d'ajustement compensatoire. Funktionelle Bedeutung yon Spontanveri~nderungen der t~ankreas-Inseln bei i~lteren RattenZusammenfaseung. Altere Ratten (52 Woehen alt) vom Sprague-Dawley Stature, mit normaler Morphologie der Langerhans'schen Inseln, wiesen --im Vergleich mit gesunden jungen l~atten --eine herabgesetzte Glucoseto]eranz auf. --Diese Toleranzst6rung war noch ausgepr/igter bei Ratten, welche eine --bereits beschriebene --Spontanver~nderung der Pankre~s-Inseln (Fibrose und YergrSl~erung) erkennen liel3en. Diese Befunde deuten darauf hin, dal3 bei/ilteren Ratten eine Diskrepanz zwischen Insulinbedarf und Verfiigbarkeit besteht, welche den morphologischen Ver~nderungen der Langerhans'-sehen Inseln vorausgeht. Fibrose und Vergr52erung k6n-nen deshalb Ms Ausdruck eines Versagens der ausgleichenden Anpassung gewertet werden.

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“…In this connection, possible senile changes in islet cell composition must be examined, because it has been assumed that the aging itself implies a potential impairment of glucose tolerance (Silverstone et al 1957;Pozefsky et al 1965;Crockford et al 1966). Seifert (1954), examining the numerical ratio of B to A cells, reported a remarkable decline after the sixth decade of life in the nondiabetics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential volumetry of A,B and D cells in the pancreatic islets of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects.

Saito

Yaginuma

Takahashi

1979

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

129

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The percentile volumes VA, VB and VD of A, B and D cells in the islets of Langerhans were histometrically estimated in the pancreases from 59 autopsy cases including maturity-and growth-onset diabetics and nondiabetics.Volumetry was performed microscopically by point counting method using a square-lattice eyepiece, then the total A, B and D cell volumes VA, VB and VD were calculated from the total islet volume V; of the pancreas estimated separately.The measurement disclosed a prominent difference in VB between the three groups. Namely, it was only 0.156 and 0.388 cm3 in the growth-and maturity-onset diabetics, much smaller values than 0.636 cm3 in nondiabetics.The simultaneous investigation on clinical records revealed a negative correlation between VB and the maximum blood sugar level during GTT, showing that VB reflects grossly the degree of glucose tolerance of the individual.The smaller VB in diabetes was attributed to the diminution of V, because VA, VB and VD were almost the same regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes.These results strongly suggested a failure of insulin produc tion in diabetes due to quantitative deficiency of B cells. pancreatic islets; A, B and D cells; volumetry; diabetes mellitus In our foregoing paper, diabetic cases were subjected to islet morphometry, in which the results were interpreted in relation to some of the important clinical data (Saito et al. 1978b). Among several morphological indices examined, the total islet volume of the pancreas revealed special functional significance, reflecting glucose tolerance in individual cases. We have further to examine whether or not the insular cell composition undergoes a considerable change in diabetes mellitus.It has been stated by many authors, on a morphometrical basis, that the numerical ratio of B to A cells was smaller in diabetes than in control, causing an absolute reduction of B cells in the former (Maclean and Ogilvie 1955;Gepts 1958). Practically, however, it seems rather awkward to count exactly the number of cells on islet sections. When one observes a group of B cell sections, for example, strict determination of the boundaries for individual cell sections appears

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Influence of Age on Intravenous Glucose Tolerance and Serum Immunoreactive Insulin

Cited by 80 publications

References 14 publications

Endogeneous Insulin and Growth Hormone Response in Children with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus

Endogeneous Insulin and Growth Hormone Response in Children with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus

The functional significance of a spontaneous pancreatic islet change in aged rats

Differential volumetry of A,B and D cells in the pancreatic islets of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects.

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