Influence of Agrotechnical Practices and Sowing Time in Various Weather on Soybean Yield

Abstract

For seed germination and the formation of a good soybean crop, significant reserves of soil moisture are required, which depends on the autumn-winter soil preparation, weather conditions and planting dates. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the main tillage technology on its agrophysical properties and conditions for the growth and development of soybean plants. Experimental crop rotation: soybean – winter wheat was carried out under favourable (hydrothermal coefficient 1.46) and dry (hydrothermal coefficient 0.66–0.87) weather conditions. The main tillage was carried out with a stratifier PRSM-5 to a depth of 15–17 cm or a chisel plough PCh-2.5 to a depth of 25–27 cm, with additional pre-sowing or post-sowing rolling with a ring-spur roller KKSH. Sowing was carried out at a depth of 10 cm with stable heating of the soil in three periods: the first at 8–10 °С, the second at 10–12 °С, and the third at 12–14 °С. As a result of evaluating the influence of various factors, it was found that under favourable conditions, the highest seed productivity of soybean plants (1.91–1.96 t·ha−1) was formed after treatment with the stratifier PRSM-5 at the first sowing period and at the second sowing period after chisel ploughing with additional soil compaction. In dry weather conditions, pre-sowing treatment with a stratifier PRSM-5 had an advantage in seed productivity by 7–12% compared to ploughing with a chisel plough PCH-2.5.

Chisel Tillage Under Spring Barley in the Forest-Steppe

“…Their number in spring barley crops for all the methods of processing was 73.1-75.8%. The growth of the most valuable aggregates was recorded against the background of chisel and disc tillage (Syromyatnikov et al, 2023a). A similar result is observed by Kiryushin (2019).…”

“…Soil moisture was measured using a SOIL MC-7828 electronic moisture meter with a 320 mm long probe. Its measurement range is 0-80% with an error of ±0.5% (Syromyatnikov et al, 2023a). At least 5 measurements were taken on each experimental field.…”

“…When growing spring barley after corn, the quality of chisel aggregates greatly deteriorates if there are more than 5 t•ha -1 of plant residues in the field. The specified depth of loosening the soil is not achieved with dehydration or excessive moisture of the arable layer and a blocky relief is formed (Syromyatnikov et al, 2023a;Tarasenko et al, 2023). Post-harvest sunflower residues, unlike corn stalks, are brittle.…”

Soil Density in Traditional Mouldboard Tillage

“…When measuring the penetration resistance of the soil, soil moisture was taken into account, which was measured using an electronic moisture meter MC-7828 SOIL (Syromyatnikov et al, 2023). The average values of soil moisture at a depth of 30 cm were 23-26%.…”