Influence of Altitude on Seed Yield and Other Characters of Soybeans Differing in Maturity in Sikkim (Himalayan Kingdom)<sup>1</sup>

Basnet, B. B.; Mader, E. L.; Nickell, C. D.

doi:10.2134/agronj1974.00021962006600040016x

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Altitude, daylength, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature were significantly correlated with number of days to flcwer. Increased altitude resulted in a greater number of days to flower, which agrees with the results of B::.snet et al (2). Increased daylength at the time of flc•wering was also associated with a greater number of days to flower, a result which agrees with numerous re:)orts (1, 3,6,10,11,12).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Environment and Management on Soybean Performance in the Tropics¹

Whigham¹,

Minor²,

Carmen

1978

Agronomy Journal

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Yield potential of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in tropical areas is similar to that in temperate regions. Yield variability among sites indicates that exploitation of this potential under tropical conditions will require a better understanding of how environment and management influence yield. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of several environmental and management variables on among site variability in yield and other plant characteristics of soybeans in the tropics. Results from 10 cultivars common to International Soybean Program (INTSOY) experiments at 25 sites 10 countries were used in the study. Agronomic variables, expressed as site means, were: yield, seed weight, pod number, number of days to flower, number of days from flowering to maturity, and plant height. Environmental variables measured were: altitude, latitude, daylength, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature. Management variables measured were: amounts of N, P, and K fertilizer applied and mean site nodule number, nodule dry weight, and plant population. Mean site yield was not significantly correlated with any environmental variable measured. The only management variable significantly correlated with mean site yield was nodule dry weight. However, after adjustment for the environmental effects, all management variables together accounted for 56% of the variability in yield among sites. The environmental variables measured, after adjustment for management effects, accounted for only 27% of the variation in yield. Therefore, with respect to the 25 sites studied, the environmental variables were concluded to be less important than the management variables as determinants of yield. The mean site number of days to flower was influenced more by environmental variables than by management variables. Conversely. the mean site number of days from flowering to maturity was more affected by management variables than by environmental variables. Individual variables significantly associated with days to flower were altitude, daylength, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature. Only daylength was significantly correlated with number of days from flowering to maturity. Mean site plant height was positively correlated with latitude, daylength, nodule number, and nodule dry weight, and negatively correlated with applied K fertilizer. Environmental and management effects accounted for similar percentages of among site variability in plant height. Mean site plant height and mean site seed weight were the only agronomic characteristics significantly correlated with mean site yield. The high grand mean yield for the 25 sites studied (2,034 kg/ha) suggest that with adequate management at least some of the cultivars among those tested may perform well in tropical environments. Because of the importance of management in explaining among site variation in yield, considerable effort must be made to train farmers in the proper management of soybeans when they are introduced as a new crop.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of Environment and Management on Soybean Performance in the Tropics¹

Whigham¹,

Minor²,

Carmen

1978

Agronomy Journal

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“…The writer related the disease situation to storage life of the soybean under tropical conditions in Puerto Rico and concluded that soybean fields used for producing seeds should be located in areas where dry conditions prevail during maturation of the seeds. Basnet et al (1974) reached the same conclusion from a two-year study in Sikkim (Hilalayan Kingdom) . The later maturing cultivar which matured during favorable harvest weather produced good seed quality.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

“…1 The poor performance of these maturity group V through VII cultivars at 14°and 22°was associated with their early flowering. Other studies demonstrating that early-maturing cultivars are poorly adapted to low latitude environments include Barrios (1961) Barrios and Ortega (1968); Camacho et al (1974); Basnet et al (1974) ; and Beard et al (1980) In 1973 and 1974, the material provided by INTSOY was studied at Tampico,Tamaulipas, and the Jupiter cultivar (included in the INTSOY trails) was more promising than Tropicana, the cultivar being grown by farmers in the Tampico area.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative performance of soybean genotypes selected for diverse short-day environments /

Perez-Garcia¹

1981

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“…In any given condition, the modification of the relative lengths of vegetative and reproductive periods may enable the reproductive period to be under favourable photoperiod and result in improvement of yield components (Schweitzer and Harper 1985), chemical compositions (Han et al. 1997), and resistances to environmental stresses (Basnet et al. 1974; Mayers et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In soya bean, post-flowering SD can increase 100-seed weight (Han et al 1996), and change protein content (higher under SD than under LD), oil content (lower under SD than under LD) and fatty acid profile (Han et al 1997). In any given condition, the modification of the relative lengths of vegetative and reproductive periods may enable the reproductive period to be under favourable photoperiod and result in improvement of yield components (Schweitzer and Harper 1985), chemical compositions (Han et al 1997), and resistances to environmental stresses (Basnet et al 1974;Mayers et al 1991;Mac¸a˜s et al 1996) of crops. As the differences in the duration of pre-or post-flowering developmental phases among soya bean varieties depended on photoperiod sensitivity at the corresponding phases (Han et al 1998), the genetic improvement of the ratio of vegetative to reproductive phase should result from the modification of photoperiod sensitivity at vegetative as well as the reproductive phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐Flowering Photoperiod Effects on Reproductive Development and Agronomic Traits of Long‐Day and Short‐Day Crops

Han¹,

Wu²,

Mentreddy³

et al. 2005

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Pre-flowering photoperiod effects on floral initiation, flowering time and yield components of various crops have been well studied, but the post-flowering photoperiod effects on major field crops are not clearly understood. A controlled environment study was carried out using six long-day (LD) crops, flax, sugar beet, broad bean, triticale, wheat, and rapeseed, and seven short-day (SD) crops including Adzuki bean, potato, rice, peanut, mungbean, cotton and corn with a major objective of evaluating the post-flowering photoperiod effects on their reproductive development and yield components. There were significant inter-and intra-specific differences in their response to post-flowering photoperiod treatments. The effects of short days on LD crops were similar to LD effects on SD crops. The post-flowering duration was prolonged by short photoperiod in LD crops and long photoperiod in SD crops. There was, however, significant genotypic variation within a species for such effects. The post-flowering LD treatment caused abscission of flowers and pods and the resumption of vegetative growth in Adzuki bean. The postflowering LD treatment also delayed the shoot senescence of one of the two potato varieties and decreased the number of tubers per plant in both varieties. The LD treatment delayed maturation of rice and mungbean, and decreased seed yield and 100-seed weight of peanut, although the shoot senescence of peanut was not apparently affected. Rapeseed, wheat, cotton and corn genotypes in this study did not show any sensitivity to post-flowering photoperiod. In triticale (an LD crop) exposure to short photoperiod post-flowering increased the number of spikes per plant perhaps due to a greater assimilate accumulation over a longer duration. The results from the current study as well as those from our previous experiments suggest that post-flowering photoperiod responses do exist in diverse field crops, and that there are strong genotypic differences in sensitivity and magnitude of response to post-flowering photoperiod. Photoperiod after flowering substantially regulates the source/sink relationship, and promotes partitioning and accumulation of assimilates to storage organs of crops when it favours the reproductive development of crops.

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Influence of Altitude on Seed Yield and Other Characters of Soybeans Differing in Maturity in Sikkim (Himalayan Kingdom)¹

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Environment and Management on Soybean Performance in the Tropics¹

Effects of Environment and Management on Soybean Performance in the Tropics¹

Relative performance of soybean genotypes selected for diverse short-day environments /

Post‐Flowering Photoperiod Effects on Reproductive Development and Agronomic Traits of Long‐Day and Short‐Day Crops

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Influence of Altitude on Seed Yield and Other Characters of Soybeans Differing in Maturity in Sikkim (Himalayan Kingdom)1

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Environment and Management on Soybean Performance in the Tropics1

Effects of Environment and Management on Soybean Performance in the Tropics1

Relative performance of soybean genotypes selected for diverse short-day environments /

Post‐Flowering Photoperiod Effects on Reproductive Development and Agronomic Traits of Long‐Day and Short‐Day Crops

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Influence of Altitude on Seed Yield and Other Characters of Soybeans Differing in Maturity in Sikkim (Himalayan Kingdom)¹

Effects of Environment and Management on Soybean Performance in the Tropics¹

Effects of Environment and Management on Soybean Performance in the Tropics¹