Influence of Ambient Air on Cell Reactions of Li-air Batteries

Huang, Shi-Ting; Cui, Zhonghui; Zhao, Ning; Sun, Jiyang; Guo, Xiangxin

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.102

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Apart from the above-mentioned progress on electrolytes and separators, significant achievements have been made on the lithium anode itself by coating a protective layer on it. [83,194,195] A poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) thin layer on the anode with a thickness of 30 µm improved the cycling performance of a Li-air battery from 54 cycles to 64 cycles. [83] As discussed in the former part, redox mediator (RM) could remarkably mitigate the charge overpotential, although it could diffuse through the separator to the Li anode and be chemically reduced there.…”

Section: Protective Layer On Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OER peak in pure oxygen is at 3.2 V, which is ascribed to the decomposition of Li 2 O 2 . [83] For another consideration, water in air crosses over the cathode and separator to reach the anode. Li metal will be corroded by H 2 O according to Equation (5).…”

Section: Challenges On the Way Toward Ambient Air Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the influence of water, the other constituents of air also have negative effects on the Li-air battery: 1) oxygen will penetrate into the Li anode through the air cathode and separator, causing oxidation of the Li anode (Equations (3) and (4)), which, at this place, is unwanted and causes fast degradation of the battery as well as safety issues. [83] 2) CO 2 is another constituent in air that has been reported to have an adverse influence on nonaqueous Li-air chemistry. [32,76,[85][86][87] The solubility of CO 2 in organic solvents is ≈50 times greater than that of O 2 , implying a high possibility that CO 2 is involved in battery reactions.…”

Section: Gas Effect On the Li-air Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Advances in Ambient Air Operation of Nonaqueous Rechargeable Li–Air Batteries

Liu

Guo

et al. 2019

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Over the past few years, great attention has been given to nonaqueous lithium-air batteries owing to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density when compared with other energy storage systems. Most of the research interest, however, is dedicated to batteries operating in pure or dry oxygen atmospheres, while Li-air batteries that operate in ambient air still face big challenges. The biggest challenges are H2O and CO2 that exist in ambient air, which can not only form byproducts with discharge products (Li2O2), but also react with the electrolyte and the Li anode. To this end, recent progress in understanding the chemical and electrochemical reactions of Li-air batteries in ambient air is critical for the development and application of true Li-air batteries. Oxygen-selective membranes, multifunctional catalysts, and electrolyte alternatives for ambient air operational Li-air batteries are presented and discussed comprehensively. In addition, sepa-rator modification and Li anode protection are covered. Furthermore, the challenges and directions for the future development of Li-air batteries are presented

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Section: Protective Layer On Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges On the Way Toward Ambient Air Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Effect On the Li-air Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Advances in Ambient Air Operation of Nonaqueous Rechargeable Li–Air Batteries

Liu

Guo

et al. 2019

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“…However, an open system is more desirable with respect to high energy density if ambient air can be used as the cathode active material . In this study we focus on overcoming one of the main limitations of this “open” design, namely, the possibility for moisture, as well as CO 2 , from ambient air to react with lithium metal at the anode and also to deteriorate the cathode reaction . Most existing reports concern battery experiments under dry conditions, which would incur large energy losses upon removal of moisture to obtain dry gas .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Water Absorption by Molecular Design of Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Li–Air Battery

Thomas

Oda

Tatara

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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revealed that solvate ILs are suitable candidates for Li-S battery electrolytes because they greatly suppress the dissolution of lithium polysulfides [10] due to the formation of the complexes which can weaken the donor ability of the ethers. We have also studied solvate ILs as electrolytes for the Li-air battery. [11] Regarding the design of a future energy storage device based on the nonaqueous lithium-air system, a closed system using pure oxygen within a pressure vessel was proposed. However, an open system is more desirable with respect to high energy density if ambient air can be used as the cathode active material. [12] In this study we focus on overcoming one of the main limitations of this "open" design, namely, the possibility for moisture, as well as CO 2 , from ambient air to react with lithium metal at the anode and also to deteriorate the cathode reaction. [13][14][15][16][17] Most existing reports concern battery experiments under dry conditions, which would incur large energy losses upon removal of moisture to obtain dry gas. [18] Hence a lithium conducting glass-ceramic is known to be a desirable material to protect the lithium metal from moisture. [19,20] However, the cathode reaction would still be deteriorated when employing anode protection. Also hydrophobic membranes that block moisture but permeate O 2 , [21] for example, a commodity polymer [22] such as polytetrafluoroethylene or immobilized liquid membranes [23,24] and other hydrophobic layers [25] have been studied for application with ambient air instead of dry air (O 2 ) as the cathode active material. These strategies can delay the ingress of water vapor, but water absorbed to the electrolyte (i.e., the equilibrium moisture content upon prolonged exposure of the device to humid air) cannot be eliminated in the long term. [26] Hydrophobic ionic liquids offer another potential solution. In order to limit the inherent equilibrium moisture content of the battery, careful consideration of the molecular design of the electrolyte is needed. Considering ionic liquids, both anion and cation can affect the sorption of moisture as previously reported. [27] [TFSA] is known to be a relatively hydrophobic anion, [28] but when applied in the previously reported solvate ILs, such as [Li (G4)] [TFSA], the resulting electrolyte absorbs a considerable amount of water. The equilibrium moisture content in [Li(G4)][TFSA] is more than 25 wt% at 30 °C and 90% RH, corresponding to a molar ratio of H 2 O to Li[TFSA] ([H 2 O]/[Li]) of about 9.9. So it is unlikely that [Li(G4)][TFSA] can be applied as the electrolyte forIn this study, the effect of water on the oxygen reduction reaction is initially investigated in aprotic ionic liquids by cyclic voltammetry, revealing that the presence of water significantly deteriorates the reversibility of the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, which will be detrimental to performance of a practical lithium-air battery. In order to prevent moisture intrusion from ambient air, a hydrophobic electrolyte is...

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“…Some researchers have performed studies on improving the stability of electrolyte, [18,19] optimizing the microstructure of the oxygen electrode, and developing high-efficiency catalysts. [26][27][28][29] CO 2 and H 2 O not only react with the product on the cathode but also dissolve in the electrolyte and diffuse to the negative side to corrode the Li metal. As shown in Figure 1, all the practical challenges discussed in this review will result in numerous accompanying reactions and alter the discharge product.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress for the Development of Li‐Air Batteries: Addressing Parasitic Reactions Arising from Air Composition

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2018

Energy & Environ Materials

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Green and renewable resources are more attractive than nonrenewable energy sources, which have been significantly exhausted. In addition, the rapid consumption of nonrenewable fossil fuels will result in the accumulation of CO 2 in the atmosphere and other serious environmental problems. [1] To solve these problems, various types of electrochemical energy storage devices have been developed, such as Li-ion batteries, [2][3][4] Na-ion batteries, [5,6] supercapacitors, [7][8][9][10] and others. [11,12] Among these energy storage systems, Li-ion batteries have attracted attention because of their long cycling life and environmental-friendly properties. As Li-ion batteries were commercialized in 1990, they have been widely applied in various fields, especially electronic devices, resulting in the development of portable electronic devices. [2,13] Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) have attracted attention owing to their zero-pollution property. However, EVs using Li-ion battery systems cannot yet challenge the 300-mile range of the average internal combustion engine. It is very urgent to develop alternative high energy storage devices. The theoretical specific energy of a Li-O 2 battery is 3505 Wh kg À1 when the discharge product is Li 2 O 2 , which is five to eight times higher than that of Li-ion batteries. Even considering the mass of the other battery components, including the positive active material, current collector, and outer packing, the actual special energy of Li-O 2 batteries can reach approximately 500-900 Wh kg À1 . In addition, EVs powered by these batteries have a range of up to 550 km, which is tremendously longer than that achievable with other secondary batteries and the average internal combustion engine. [12] Moreover, their positive active material can be obtained directly from the air, which greatly reduces their cost. As a result, the Li-O 2 battery is regarded as a promising next-generation energy storage system.According to the electrolyte, Li-O 2 batteries are classified as three types, that is, aprotic, hybrid aqueous/aprotic, and all-solid-state Li-O 2 batteries. [14][15][16][17] In this article, nonaqueous Li-O 2 batteries will be discussed. We will elaborate on the structure and mechanism of the nonaqueous Li-O 2 battery. It is composed of a porous positive electrode, nonaqueous Li + electrolyte, and Li metal negative electrode. In the discharge process, oxygen receives electrons and is reduced on the positive electrode, which is also called the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The negative metal Li releases electrons to form Li + . Li + moves across the electrolyte, and oxygen combines with the electrons from the external circuit to generate Li 2 O 2 on the cathode surface. Li 2 O 2 decomposes to Li + and O 2 in the charge process, which is the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). [12] Generally, from the respect of reactions on the electrode, electrochemical power sources involve three types, that is, intercalation reaction, conversion reaction, and electrocatalytic reaction (as seen in T...

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Influence of Ambient Air on Cell Reactions of Li-air Batteries

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Critical Advances in Ambient Air Operation of Nonaqueous Rechargeable Li–Air Batteries

Critical Advances in Ambient Air Operation of Nonaqueous Rechargeable Li–Air Batteries

Suppression of Water Absorption by Molecular Design of Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Li–Air Battery

Research Progress for the Development of Li‐Air Batteries: Addressing Parasitic Reactions Arising from Air Composition

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