Influence of Amphotericin B Deoxycholate or Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion on Renal Tubule Epithelium in Rat

Abstract

Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) or Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) are used in clinics for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. The goal of our study was to compare the nephrotoxicity of these drugs in rat kidney. The effects of AmB and ABCD on the ultrastructure of the epithelium of renal tubules were studied and evaluated using morphometric and statistical methods. Two groups of 3 animals were established: group 1 was treated with AmB desoxycholate and group 2, to which ABCD was applied. AmB caused more than ABCD ultrastructural changes in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells: damage to mitochondria, vacuolation of cytoplasm, and increased values of volume density of peroxisomes. However, we failed to observe significant differences in morphology and density of the other cell organelles. The proximal tubules seemed to be more sensitive to the nephrotoxic influence of both formulas than the distal tubules of rat kidney. Although, AmB causes more severe damage than ABCD, both drugs cause damage to renal tubuli.

Vitamin D deficiency is a potential risk factor for lipid Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity

“…Our data demonstrated that vitamin D deficient animals treated with AmB/LE presented impaired renal function, evidenced by lower GFR, higher plasma urea concentration, hyperphosphaturia, hypermagnesuria, proteinuria and mild tubular injury. It is well known that AmB-induced nephrotoxicity is due to the interaction of AmB with sterols from cell membranes, resulting in pore formation, defected electrolyte flux and loss of cell viability [3,17,18]. Furthermore, experimental and clinical trials have reported that treatment with AmB leads to denuded basement membrane, intratubular casts and tubular cell necrosis.…”

Comparison of Amphotericin B Lipid Complex (Abelcet) and Liposomal Amphotericin B (Ambisome) on Rat Kidney: a Morphological Evaluation

“…Classical amphotericin B has disrupted the function of tubular and vascular smooth muscle cells by changing the permeability of cell membranes and leads to various tubular transport defects and vasoconstriction on blood vessels Sun et al;Larabi et al, 2004;Deray, 2002;Wasan et al, 1990;Krejcírová et al, 2004). It has been established that lipid based amphotericin B is responsible from transforming cell morphology, function and intracellular transport system by the toxic effect of the amphotericin B molecule Sawaya et al, 1995).…”