“…The results of previous studies have consistently proven that high-achieving readers employ appropriate metacognitive strategies in reading (e.g., Dignath et al, 2008 ; Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002 ; Thiede et al, 2003 ), whereas low-achieving readers use fewer metacognitive strategies (e.g., Lau & Chan, 2003 ). Furthermore, in both printed and electronic formats, metacognitive strategies have been shown to have positive effects on reading performance (e.g., Chang et al, 2019 ; Wu & Peng, 2017 ). These positive effects might be explained by several factors related to the frequent use of metacognitive strategies, including reduced anxiety (Melanlioglu, 2014 ), a positive attitude towards reading texts (e.g., Mijuskovic & Simovic, 2016 ), and high intrinsic motivation for reading comprehension (e.g., Miyamoto et al, 2019 ).…”