Influence of anesthesia on the response to carotid hypotension in dogs

Cox, Robert H.; Bagshaw, Roger J.

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1979.237.4.h424

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…32 Pentobarbital may induce its circulatory effects by suppressing sympathetic activity, depressing autonomic function and attenuating the ability of the baroreflex. [33][34][35] However, such limitation could be at least partly redressed by the involvement of the control group. Furthermore, BP measurement was also performed in such time as a 60-min equilibration period was allowed after surgery for stabilization of BP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of oxidative stress in elevated blood pressure induced by high free fatty acids

Wang

Hou

et al. 2009

Hypertens Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study is to investigate the possible mechanism of oxidative stress in the high free fatty acids (FFAs)-induced hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rat models were established and classified into three groups, namely the control group (NC group), the FFA group, and the N-acetylcysteine (NAC) group. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded. An organ chamber experiment was performed to determine endothelium-dependent/-independent vasodilation (EDV/EIV). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrotyrosine, reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and NO 2 À /NO 3 À levels were measured in plasma. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression in endothelial cells was evaluated by real-time PCR. The following results were observed: (1) In the FFA group, BP increased after 4 h infusion of Intralipid+heparin. In the NAC group, systolic and diastolic BP remained the same. (2) In the FFA group, the aortic rings tended to show impaired EDV in response to acetylcholine (ACh). There was no difference of EDV response in the NAC and NC groups. (3) In the FFA group, NO 2 À /NO 3 À levels were significantly reduced, and eNOS mRNA expression and activity were significantly decreased compared with the NC group. NAC administration increased eNOS mRNA expression and activity. (4) ROS and nitrotyrosine concentrations in the FFA group were higher than in the NC group, and GSH concentrations in the FFA group were lower than in the NC group. Elevated FFAs can induce elevated BP, potentially through FFA-induced impairment of EDV resulting from decreased eNOS mRNA expression and activity. Oxidative stress may also play an important role in potential mechanisms of this high FFA-induced elevated BP.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of oxidative stress in elevated blood pressure induced by high free fatty acids

Wang

Hou

et al. 2009

Hypertens Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cox (1972) has demonstrated that oa-chloralose produces only transient cardiovascular depression and Arfors et al (1971) showed little change in cardiovascular or respiratory function in dogs during six hours of a-chloralose anaesthesia. Although there is conflicting evidence as to its effects upon autonomic reflexes (Armstrong et al, 1961;Cox, 1972;Cox & Bagshaw, 1979;Zimpfer et al, 1981), in general, reflex activity is affected less by ca-chloralose than by barbiturates. By using low doses of x-chloralose, artificial ventilation, with its attendant haemodynamic effects, was not required and the animals remained normocapnic throughout.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new canine model of endotoxin shock

Evans

Hinds

Varley

1984

British J Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1 A new canine model of endotoxin shock has been developed in which spontaneous recovery of cardiovascular function is largely prevented, the haemodynamic effects of anaesthesia are minimized and intravascular volume replacement is given. 2 This model has been evaluated using two groups of five adult mongrel dogs anaesthetized with ca-chloralose and breathing spontaneously. Animals in one group were anaesthetized, instrumented and given Escherichia coli (E. coli) endotoxin intravenously, whilst those in the control group were subjected only to anaesthesia and instrumentation.3 E. coli endotoxin was given to dogs in the shock group as a bolus dose of 5 mg kg-lfollowed by a continuous infusion at 2 mg kg-1 h -1. This produced immediate, severe, cardiovascular depression, with precipitous falls in mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI) and left ventricular (LV) dp/dt max. There were associated increases in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. Arterio-venous oxygen content difference (C(a-v)O2) increased after induction of shock, and animals developed a progressive metabolic acidosis. Increasing haemoconcentration occurred, as evidenced by a rising haematocrit (PCV). Hypovolaemia was reflected by a concurrent fall in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). 4 One hour after induction of shock, intravascular volume replacement was given in the form of a colloidal gelatin solution, as a bolus dose of 10 ml kg-, followed by a continuous infusion at 10 ml kg-1 h-1. Volume replacement reversed haemoconcentration, restored PCWP and produced some haemodynamic improvement, although in general, severe cardiovascular depression persisted throughout a three hour observation period. 5 This severe endotoxin shock model has proved to be stable, reproducible and economical. It provides a useful preliminary test for new methods of treatment in hypodynamic endotoxin shock, as well as allowing investigation of acute metabolic and physiological changes. IntroductionAnimal models have been widely used for the investigation of septic shock, a condition which in man still carries a mortality of up to 50% (Schumer, 1979).Many workers have performed endotoxin-based experiments, and there is a wealth of literature describing the effects of endotoxin in different species of experimental animals (Halmagyi et al., 1963;Brockman et al., 1967; Kuida etal., 1971; Balis etal., 1978;Morris et al., 1979). This subject has been comprehensively reviewed by Gilbert (1960).However, concern has recently been expressed with regard to the clinical relevance of endotoxin models (Wichterman et al., 1980) and alternatives which attempt to represent more exactly the clinical situation have been suggested. These have included 1Correspondence. the intravenous infusion of live bacteria into mongrel dogs, sheep, pigs and rhesus monkeys (Pool et al., 1977;Hinshaw et al., 1979;Fairman & Glauser, 1980;Gahos et al., 1982). Other models have involved the induction of peritonitis, for example, by implantation of a septic sponge or ...

show abstract

“…with respect to the action of chloralose. The biolog ical basis of this distinction must reside in differ ences in the neural substrates mediating cardiovas cular and cerebrovascular responses evoked from the FN, as well as in a selectivity in the action of chloralose, which spares (Cox and Bagshaw, 1979) or even enhances (Stephenson and Donald, 1980) reflex cardiovascular responses. A dissociation be tween cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects occurs also after systemic administration of atro pine, a treatment that abolishes the increase in rCBF without affecting the FPR (Iadecola et aI., 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation by Chloralose of the Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Responses Evoked from the Cerebellar Fastigial Nucleus

Iadecola

Springston

Reis

1990

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary:We studied the effects of chloralose anesthe sia on the elevation in arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), and regional CBF (rCBF) elicited by stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN). Rats were anesthe tized with an initial dose of chloralose (40 mg/kg s.c.), paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. The FN was stimu lated (50-100 fLA, 50 Hz, I s onll s off) with microelec trodes stereotaxically implanted. During the stimulation AP was carefully maintained within cerebrovascular au toregulation. CBF was measured by the [14C]iodoanti pyrine technique with regional dissection. In rats that re ceived only the initial dose of chloralose, FN stimulation elevated rCBF in brain and spinal cord, up to 209 ± 13% of control in frontal cortex (n = 5; p < 0.0 1, analysis of variance). Administration of additional chloralose (10 mg/ Electrical stimulation of the rostral ventromedial portion of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) in rat, as in cat, rabbit, and monkey, elicits a global increase in regional CBF (rCBF) (Doba and Reis, 1972; McKee et aI., 1976; Nakai et aI., 1982; Reis et aI., 1982; Mraovitch et aI., 1986;Maeda, 1988; Goadsby and Lambert, 1989;Iadecola and Reis, 1989). The cerebrovasodilation is greatest in the ce rebral cortex (up to 215% of control), wherein the rCBF increases are largely independent of changes in local metabolism (Nakai et aI., 1983) and are me diated by neural pathways contained entirely within the brain (Nakai et aI., 1982; Iadecola et aI., 1983b, Received September 11, 1989 revised November 23, 1989; accepted November 27, 1989. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. C. lade cola at Laboratory of Neurobiology, 411 E. 69 St., New York, NY 10021, U.S.A.Abbreviations used: AP, arterial pressure; FN, fastigial nu cleus; FPR, fastigial pressor response; HR, heart rate; lAP, io doantipyrine; rCBF, regional CBF. 375kg i.v., 30 min prior to measurement of CBF) did not affect resting rCBF (n = 5), the EEG, or the elevation in AP and HR elicited by FN stimulation (n = 4). However, the additional chloralose abolished the elevations in rCBF (n = 5; p > 0.05). Thus, the cerebrovasodilation elicited from the FN is more susceptible to the effects of addi tional anesthesia than the elevation in AP and HR. These results indicate that the cerebrovascular and cardiovas cular responses elicited from the FN are functionally dis tinct and provide additional evidence for the notion that these responses are mediated by different neural path ways and transmitters.

show abstract

Influence of anesthesia on the response to carotid hypotension in dogs

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Role of oxidative stress in elevated blood pressure induced by high free fatty acids

Role of oxidative stress in elevated blood pressure induced by high free fatty acids

A new canine model of endotoxin shock

Dissociation by Chloralose of the Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Responses Evoked from the Cerebellar Fastigial Nucleus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About