Influence of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Gene Polymorphism on the Effectiveness of Antihypertensive Therapy in Patients with Hypertension Disease who Suffered Myocardial Infarction according to the Results of Long-Term Follow-Up

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy based on the data of daily blood pressure monitoring in patients with hypertension and a history of myocardial infarction, taking into account the A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene, based on the results of long-term follow-up. Materials and methods. The study included 36 men with arterial hypertension of the 1st to 3rd degree who had suffered a myocardial infarction. The average age was 57.0 (52.0; 64.0) years, the experience of arterial hypertension – 6.3 (4.0; 15.0) years, the period after a myocardial infarction – 48.0 (12.0; 144.0) months. When determining the A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene, patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 consisted of 18 (50%) patients with the AA genotype, group 2 included 12 (33.3%) patients with the AС genotype, and group 3 – 6 (16.7%) patients with СС genotype of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene. Daily blood pressure monitoring was carried out at the beginning of the study and after 38 months. Results and discussion. At the beginning of the study, based on the results of daily blood pressure monitoring, it was found that in the group as a whole, the levels of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, the pressure load index – the diastolic blood pressure time index corresponded to the target values according to the median, but the pressure load indices for systolic blood pressure exceeded the normal range. Against the background of long-term antihypertensive therapy, a reliable decrease in systolic blood pressure levels was established for all time periods of the day, especially during the daytime. A significant decrease in the values of the pressure load indices was established – the time index of systolic blood pressure at daytime (delta -10.49%, which was -27.9%) and the area index of systolic blood pressure at daytime (delta -34.89 mm Hg x h, which was -32.0%) (p <0.05). When analyzing the effectiveness of long-term antihypertensive therapy depending on the A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene, it was established that the highest percentage of achieving the target blood pressure level (66.7%) in combination with the normalization of the circadian blood pressure rhythm was determined in patients with the AA genotype of the AGTR1 gene. Among patients with AC genotype, 33.3% reached the target blood pressure levels, but it was not possible to achieve normalization of blood pressure variability and pathological patterns of the circadian rhythm of blood pressure persisted, which are signs of a prognostically unfavorable course of the disease. Among patients with CC genotype of the AGTR1 gene, against the background of long-term treatment, 33.3% achieved the target level of blood pressure, in general, the group normalized the degree of nocturnal decrease in blood pressure, but only a decrease in the levels of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure during the day in combination with increased values of pressure load indices was observed, which indicates insufficiently effective control of arterial hypertension. Conclusion. During the long-term observation of patients with hypertension and a history of myocardial infarction, an assessment of the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy was carried out taking into account the A1166C polymorphism of the AGTR1 gene based on the results of daily blood pressure monitoring