Influence of animal manure application on the chemical structures of soil organic matter as investigated by advanced solid-state NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy

Mao, Jingdong; Olk, Dan C.; Fang, Xun; He, Zhongqi; Schmidt‐Rohr, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.06.003

Cited by 124 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…32 The spectral pattern of COO − and CO substituted aromatic rings revealed in 13 C NMR of Terra Preta organic carbon can also be recognized in the spectra of organic matter of temperate-region grassland soils, though with a larger background of nonchar organic carbon. 16,22,33,34 This is exemplified in Figure 1c, which shows the 13 C NMR spectrum of a humic acid extract from the surface horizon of an Iowa Mollisol (Zook, a Cumulic Vertic Endoaquoll). 22 Counting the nonprotonated cores and the substituted or protonated edges of the aromatic clusters, as well as the COO and CO groups bonded to them, oxidized char residues represent 67 ± 9% of all carbon in the Mollisol humic acid extract (see Table S1, Supporting Information).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundant and Stable Char Residues in Soils: Implications for Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration

Mao

Johnson

Lehmann

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

263

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Large-scale soil application of biochar may enhance soil fertility, increasing crop production for the growing human population, while also sequestering atmospheric carbon. But reaching these beneficial outcomes requires an understanding of the relationships among biochar's structure, stability, and contribution to soil fertility. Using quantitative 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we show that Terra Preta soils (fertile anthropogenic dark earths in Amazonia that were enriched with char >800 years ago) consist predominantly of char residues composed of ∼6 fused aromatic rings substituted by COO − groups that significantly increase the soils' cation-exchange capacity and thus the retention of plant nutrients. We also show that highly productive, grassland-derived soils in the U.S. (Mollisols) contain char (generated by presettlement fires) that is structurally comparable to char in the Terra Preta soils and much more abundant than previously thought (∼40− 50% of organic C). Our findings indicate that these oxidized char residues represent a particularly stable, abundant, and fertilityenhancing form of soil organic matter.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundant and Stable Char Residues in Soils: Implications for Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration

Mao

Johnson

Lehmann

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

263

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“…HS have been traditionally understood as a pool of stabilized, recalcitrant SOM Schnitzer and Monreal, 2011). HS are an alkaline-soluble fraction of SOM, and FTIR is performed on further fractions based on solubility in acid and base (Kerek et al, 2003;Mao et al, 2008;Senesi et al, 2007;Simonetti et al, 2012;Watanabe et al, 2007). These operationally defined components of HS include humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and humin, with similar postulated structures but differing and characteristic molecular weight, elemental composition, and functional group content (Khan, 1975).…”

Section: Hs: a Common Som Extract For Ftir Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Chemical Insights Provided through Vibrational Spectroscopy

Parikh

Goyne

Margenot

et al. 2014

Advances in Agronomy

221

163

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“…13 C NMR technique allows to clarify in detail the chemical structure of heterogeneous compounds. Spectral method of 13 C NMR can also detect the variation in chemical structure of HA of various soil types (Buurman et al 2009), in one soil type at the change of soil management (Mao et al 2008) or in different origin (Tan 2014). The analysis with 13 C NMR spectroscopy is capable of measuring the distribution of C in the various types of compounds, and this information can be used in structural analysis and in differentiating the different types of humic matter (Tan 2014).…”

Section: Comparison Of Chemical Structure Of Alginite Ha Isolated Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chemical Structure of Alginite Humic Acids Isolated with Two Different Procedures with Soil Humic Acids

Barančíková¹,

Litavec²

2016

Agriculture (Polnohospodárstvo)

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The different origin of alginite and soil organic matter may be the reason of differences in their humic acids (HA) chemical structure. One of the aims of this article is to compare the chemical composition of alginite HA and HA isolated from different soil types. Another aim of this article is to compare the chemical structure of humic acids of alginite isolated with two different procedures: modified IHSS (International Humic Substances Society) method and simplified extraction method. The modified IHSS method was applied for the isolation of alginite and soil HA. To obtain sufficient amount of alginate HA for biological experiments, simplified extraction method suited for large volumes of HA was applied. The differences in elemental analysis and ash proportion in HA extracted by modified IHSS method (C = 35.4, H = 43 atomic%, ash content = 0.08%) and simplified extraction method (C = 31, H = 31 atomic%, ash content = 7.42%) can be caused by different concentration of extraction solution and also differences in purification of HA. The differences in chemical structure between alginate HA and HA isolated from different soil types according to the data of elemental analysis (C content of alginite HA = 35.4 atomic%, C content in soils HA = 38.2‒49.1 atomic%) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra (degree of aromaticity of alginite HA = 24.4% and soil HA= 35.9‒53%) were found. Results of 13C NMR show that the content of aromatic carbon was decreasing in the following order: Haplic Chernozem HA > Andic Cambisol HA > Haplic Cambisol HA > alginite HA. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the differences in the chemical structure of alginite and soil HA can be explained by the difference in the origin of organic matter in alginite and soil samples. The source of organic matter in alginite is mainly type II kerogen from algae and that of soil is lignin and cellulose (type III kerogen) of higher plants.

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Influence of animal manure application on the chemical structures of soil organic matter as investigated by advanced solid-state NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy

Cited by 124 publications

References 53 publications

Abundant and Stable Char Residues in Soils: Implications for Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration

Abundant and Stable Char Residues in Soils: Implications for Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration

Soil Chemical Insights Provided through Vibrational Spectroscopy

Comparison of Chemical Structure of Alginite Humic Acids Isolated with Two Different Procedures with Soil Humic Acids

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