Influence of annealing on the microstructure and Charpy impact toughness of wire arc additive manufactured Ti5111 alloy

Multi-wire arc additive manufacturing of TC4-Nb-NiTi bionic layered heterogeneous alloy: Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties

“…The microstructure of G1 layer was mainly acicular α phase, and the lamellar α phase disappeared. Usually, the upper layer microstructure of the sedimentary layer will be coarser than the lower layer due to the thermal cycle during multilayer deposition of additive manufacturing alloy components process [30][31][32]. However, the α phase underwent a refinement process throughout the G1 layer, from acicular structure (Fig.…”