Influence of annual forages on weed dynamics in a cropping system

Schoofs, Allison; Entz, Martin H.

doi:10.4141/p98-098

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Established weed plants may benefit from the absence of soil tillage and from the reduced herbicide use. In contrast, they may suffer from the high competition (Schoofs and Entz, 2000) and from the regular cuttings (Norris and Ayres, 1991;Meiss et al, 2008). Cuttings may temporally reduce the competition for light, but regrowth of forage crops is generally fast (Gosse et al, 1988;Meiss et al, 2008) and belowground competition for nutrients and water remains strong.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting weed species composition in perennial alfalfas and six annual crops: implications for integrated weed management

Meiss

Médiène

Waldhardt

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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-Weed communities are most strongly affected by the characteristics and management of the current crop. Crop rotation may thus be used to prevent the repeated selection of particular weed species. While weed communities are frequently compared among annual crops, little is known about the differences between annual and perennial crops that may be included in the rotations. Moreover, nearly all existing studies (17 articles reviewed) are based on local field experiments rather than commercial fields. We compared the weed composition in perennial alfalfas (Medicago sativa) and six annual crops: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), oilseed rape (Brassica napus), pea (Pisum sativum), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) using data from 632 commercial fields in western France. Weed species composition showed the strongest dissimilarities between perennial alfalfas and all annual crops, followed by the well-known differences between autumn-and spring/summer-sown annual crops. Indicator Species Analysis showed that most weed species either preferred perennial alfalfas (including Taraxacum officinale, Veronica persica, Crepis spp., Poa trivialis, Silene latifolia, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Picris spp.) or annual crops (including Mercurialis annua, Galium aparine, Fallopia convolvulus, Chenopodium album and Cirsium arvense). Perennial alfalfas thus suppressed many weeds that are widespread (and sometimes problematic) in annual crops while favouring other species. Shifted weed composition and reduced frequency of several noxious weeds suggest that perennial alfalfas may be used as a valuable part of integrated weed management, reducing the need for herbicides and sustaining plant and animal diversity in agricultural landscapes. crop diversification / temporary grassland / perennial forage crop / alfalfa / Medicago sativa / plant community composition

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting weed species composition in perennial alfalfas and six annual crops: implications for integrated weed management

Meiss

Médiène

Waldhardt

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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“…A four-year study conducted in Illinois, USA, compared continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production to an integrated system where livestock grazed on post-harvest corn stover and cover crops, found that weed biomass was approximately 4.5 times lower in the integrated system as a result of the suppressive effect of the forage cover crop that was used in it [61]. Another study in Manitoba, Canada, showed that forage cover crops terminated by simulated grazing before the planting of a cash crop of peas greatly reduced the density of wild oat (Avena fatua) compared to plots planted with wheat and managed via herbicide [62], but the effects on other weeds, including broadleaf species such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), were variable. This study also found biennial crops and long-season systems, such as winter triticale and triticale intercrop, provided the best early and late season weed control, respectively.…”

Section: Integrated Crop and Livestock Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Agriculture and the Quest for the Holy Grail in Water-Limited Ecosystems: Managing Weeds and Reducing Tillage Intensity

Lehnhoff

Miller

et al. 2017

Agriculture

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Organic agricultural production has become a major economic and cultural force. However, in water-limited environments the tools used for weed control and nutrient supply, namely tillage and cover crops, may not be environmentally or economically sustainable as tillage damages soil and cover crops use valuable water. Thus, a major challenge has been finding appropriate ways to minimize tillage and terminate cover crops while still controlling weeds and obtaining cover crop ecosystem services. One approach to achieve this is through the economically viable integration of crop and livestock enterprises to manage weeds and terminate cover crops. In this article we (1) review research needs and knowledge gaps in organic agriculture with special focus on water-limited environments; (2) summarize research aimed at developing no-till and reduced tillage in organic settings; (3) assess approaches to integrate crop and livestock production in organic systems; and (4) present initial results from a project assessing the agronomic and weed management challenges of integrated crop-livestock organic systems aimed at reducing tillage intensity in a water-limited environment. The goal of eliminating tillage in water-limited environments remains elusive, and more research is needed to successfully integrate tactics, such as cover crops and livestock grazing to increase organic farm sustainability.

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“…Sarkar et al (1995), showed that intercropping not only stabilizes crop production by reducing the impact of weather vagaries, but also increases cropping intensity considerably. In farming systems with low external inputs, intercropping became also appeared as an economically viable option for an integrated weed management (Teasdale, 1998, Schoofs & Entz, 2000and Jabbar et al 2010. The benefit of using garlic in mixed cropping is that it effectively repels harmful pests while retaining beneficial ones (Amin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Intra-Row Spacing and Cropping System with Sugar Beet on Growth,Yield and Quality of Two Garlic Cultivars

Hussien¹,

El-Shamy

2017

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly

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A field experiment was carried out at Sakha Horticulture Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate Egypt, during winter seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 to study the effect of two garlic cultivars, two intra-row spacing and three intercropping systems addition sole were used on growth, yield and quality of garlic and sugar beet, as well as to evaluate land equivalent ratio (LER) and economic return under different combinations. Variety Geloria sugar beet (a mono-germ variety) was used as the main crop. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design. Main plots contained garlic cultivars (Balady cv. and Sids-40 cv.), sub plots were devoted to intra-row spacing (10 cm and 15 cm) and subsub plots were assigned to intercropping system (one garlic row, two garlic rows and three garlic rows), pure stand of sugar beet and also pure stand of garlic. Results indicated that Balady cv. was surpasses Sids-40 of germination %, plant height, bulb diameter and clove number. Moreover, Sids-40 cv. gave the highest values for all the other studied characteristics (leaves number, fresh and cured bulb weight, clove weight and total yield per fed.) in two seasons. The 15 cm intra-row spacing superior over the 10 cm intra-row spacing in most characteristics. Also, one garlic row resulted the highest improvement of all characteristics except total yield per feddan of garlic and sugar beet. However, the pure stand of garlic and sugar beet had the highest values of total yield fed -1 and its components in comparison to intercropping system. The highest LER were obtained from Balady cv. at 10 cm intrarow spacing with three garlic rows, followed by the same cultivar at 15 cm intra-row spacing with two rows (1.55 and 1.51), respectively, as mean of both seasons. The highest net income was obtained from Sids-40 cv. (20052 L.E.) followed by Balady cv.(19355L.E) at 15cm intra row spacing with two rows as mean of both two seasons.

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Influence of annual forages on weed dynamics in a cropping system

Cited by 56 publications

References 29 publications

Contrasting weed species composition in perennial alfalfas and six annual crops: implications for integrated weed management

Contrasting weed species composition in perennial alfalfas and six annual crops: implications for integrated weed management

Organic Agriculture and the Quest for the Holy Grail in Water-Limited Ecosystems: Managing Weeds and Reducing Tillage Intensity

Effect of Intra-Row Spacing and Cropping System with Sugar Beet on Growth,Yield and Quality of Two Garlic Cultivars

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