Influence of anthropometry on race performance in extreme endurance triathletes: World Challenge Deca Iron Triathlon 2006

Knechtle, Beat; Knechtle, Patrizia; Andonie, J L; Kohler, Götz

doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.035014

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Compared to athletes from different sports, the male cross country skiers in the present study exhibited lower BMI compared to Spanish mountaineering skiers [13] , as well as to Caucasian Ironman triathlon athletes [28–30] , but similar BMI to ultra endurance runners [31] . Greek female skiers had lower BMI and percent body fat values than female Ironman triathletes [32] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Body Composition and Dietary Intake of Elite Cross-country Skiers Members of the Greek National Team

et al. 2012

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Purpose: To assess the anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake of the Greek national cross-country skiing team.Methods: Thirty-three athletes (10 females aged 20 ± 5 years; 23 males aged 20 ± 6 years old) participated in the study. All athletes were members of the Greek national ski team, and they had been selected to take part in the Winter Olympics, World Ski Championships, European Ski Championships or other international events, according to their performance. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and skinfold thickness. The athletes recorded their physical activity and dietary intake for 3 training days, and on a competition day. Results:The female skiers had 14.2±1.9% body fat, the men 11.0±1.5% body fat. Female athletes consumed a diet of 1988±319 Kcal during training days and 2011±330 Kcal during competition days. Male athletes consumed 2255±790 Kcal and 2125±639 Kcal respectively. These values are below those recommended for highly active people. During the training period, carbohydrate, fat and protein contributed to 44.5±7.1%, 39.2±5.3% and 16.1±3.7% of the total energy intake (EI) respectively for the males, and to 52.8±5.6%, 33.0±3.7% and 14.3±2.5% of the EI of the women. Between training and competition days, men demonstrated an increased carbohydrate and reduced fat consumption when competing (P<0.001 for both). Women, on the other hand, consumed more carbohydrate and less protein during competition days (P<0.05 for both). Protein intake was within the recommended range for both males and females, but fat exceeded the recommended values and was consumed at the expense of carbohydrate. Vitamins B 12 , D, E and K, biotin, folate, Ca, Mg, K, I were inadequately consumed (below the RDA) by both women and men, while the women also exhibited inadequate intakes of iron and the men of manganese. Conclusions:The inadequate energy and nutrient intake in the Greek national cross-country ski team could put the athletes at risk of nutritional deficiencies, and possibly compromise their athletic performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Body Composition and Dietary Intake of Elite Cross-country Skiers Members of the Greek National Team

et al. 2012

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“…It was not possible to collect other parameters related to performance such as physical characteristics, training volume, anthropometric parameters, or previous experience 6–9. Thus these factors had to be ignored in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of ultra-triathlon performances

Lepers¹,

Knechtle²,

Knechtle³

et al. 2011

OAJSM

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Despite increased interest in ultra-endurance events, little research has examined ultra-triathlon performance. The aims of this study were: (i) to compare swimming, cycling, running, and overall performances in three ultra-distance triathlons, double Ironman distance triathlon (2IMT) (7.6 km swimming, 360 km cycling, and 84.4 km running), triple Ironman distance triathlon (3IMT) (11.4 km, 540 km, and 126.6 km), and deca Ironman distance triathlon (10IMT) (38 km, 1800 km, and 420 km) and (ii) to examine the relationships between the 2IMT, 3IMT, and 10IMT performances to create predicted equations of the 10IMT performances. Race results from 1985 through 2009 were examined to identify triathletes who performed the three considered ultra-distances. In total, 73 triathletes (68 men and 5 women) were identified. The contribution of swimming to overall ultra-triathlon performance was lower than for cycling and running. Running performance was more important to overall performance for 2IMT and 3IMT compared with 10IMT The 2IMT and 3IMT performances were significantly correlated with 10IMT performances for swimming and cycling, but not for running. 10IMT total time performance might be predicted by the following equation: 10IMT race time (minutes) = 5885 + 3.69 × 3IMT race time (minutes). This analysis of human performance during ultra-distance triathlons represents a unique data set in the field of ultra-endurance events. Additional studies are required to determine the physiological and psychological factors associated with ultra-triathlon performance.

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“…Arrese & Ostariz (1) showed in male runners, a high correlation between the thigh and calf skin-folds and 1500 m as well as 10,000 m race times. The abdominal and suprailiac skin-fold thicknesses were related to race time in runners such as female and male half-marathoners, male marathoners (16). The sum of skin-folds was related to race performance in runners such as male 10,000 m runners, female and male (2,8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of body mass and BMI on performance have been investigated in several studies. The BMI of Kenyan runners is 19.2 kg/m2 compared with 20.6 kg/m2 for the best Scandinavian runners (16,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric profile, body composition and somatotyping of national Iranian cross-country runners

2015

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This study was conducted to determine the anthropometric profile of selected national athletes. The purpose of this study was to find out anthropometric measurements, body composition and somatotyping of Iranian cross-country runners. The participants were 9 male national Iranian cross-country runners. The age of athletes was between 20 to 32 years. Cross-country personal best 36min 55s (47s); training volume: 120-180 km.wk; All subjects were assessed for height, weight, breadths, lengths, girths and skinfold thickness. Percentage of body fat was calculated from the sum of 7 measurements of skin-fold thickness. The somatotype and height to weight ratio (HWR) as well as the skin-folds extremity to trunk ratio (E:T) were also calculated. The Mean ( 73), respectively. National Iranian cross-country runners seem to have mesomorph and ectomorph are equal (or do not differ by more than one-half unit), and endomorph is smaller. Despite population comparisons would be required to identify any connection between specific anthropometric dimensions, these reference data reported in the present study for useful to practitioners and researchers, carry immense practical application and should be useful for future investigation on endurance runners selection, talent identification in cross-country running and training program development.

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Influence of anthropometry on race performance in extreme endurance triathletes: World Challenge Deca Iron Triathlon 2006

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Body Composition and Dietary Intake of Elite Cross-country Skiers Members of the Greek National Team

Body Composition and Dietary Intake of Elite Cross-country Skiers Members of the Greek National Team

Analysis of ultra-triathlon performances

Anthropometric profile, body composition and somatotyping of national Iranian cross-country runners

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