Influence of Austempering Temperatures on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron

Bendikienė, Regita; Čiuplys, Antanas; Česnavičius, Ramūnas; Jutas, Audrius; Bahdanovich, Aliaksandr; Marmysh, Dzianis; Nasan, Aleh; Shemet, Liudmila; Sherbakov, Sergei

doi:10.3390/met11060967

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…ADI heat treated at lower austempering temperatures as mentioned in this investigation at 300°C, are highly stable during plastic deformation, contributing towards a further reduction in wear rates. It is expected that austenite as thin layers between ferrite sheaths rather than blocky austenite provide greater stability [28,47]. Transformations from austenite to martensite start at the early stages of straining and deformation, when martensite is found nearby austenite.…”

Section: Wear Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry sliding wear of ductile and austempered ductile iron: effect of load and sliding speed

Shriya

Singh

Batra

et al. 2023

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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In this study, dry sliding wear behaviour of a copper alloyed austempered ductile iron (ADI) consisting of very fine ausferrite, small high carbon austenite blocks, was investigated against 100Cr6 ball using ball-on-disc tribometer. Tribotests were conducted at different loads of 10, 30, 50, and 100 N and speeds between 0.39 to 0.79 m/s. Worn-out surfaces and wear debris revealed tribe-oxidation and abrasive wear as the primary mechanism for material removal at lower loads and low speed (0.39 m/s). With an increase in load and speed, fragmented graphite nodules acted as solid lubricants. Additionally, partial transfer of tribo-oxide onto the counter-body ball, and plastic deformation and strain hardening of ADI matrix lowered the friction coefficient and wear rate at higher loads and speed, to nearly 1/ 3 and 1/10 as compared with those at lower loads and speed. The superior wear resistance of present ADI is worthy of consideration for transmission parts.

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Section: Wear Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry sliding wear of ductile and austempered ductile iron: effect of load and sliding speed

Shriya

Singh

Batra

et al. 2023

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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“…Eltaggaz et al 7 argues that its unique ausferrite microstructure contributes to several properties. This resulting ausferrite (acicular ferrite in the middle of high carbon austenite) results in high values of mechanical strength, ductility, impact resistance and wear resistance 2,8 . Thus, the material provides great flexibility in the design and manufacture of parts [9][10][11][12] .…”

Section: Austempered Nodular Cast Iron (Adi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excepting the samples treated under 320ºC, those treated on 280, 300 and 370ºC presents an increasing of % volume for retained austenite. According to Bendikien et al 8 , higher austempering temperatures produces gross acicular ferrites. Also, the increasing of austempering temperature leads to a higher % volume of retained austenite, contributing to the hardness decrease 2,4 .…”

Section: Hardness Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Evaluation of an Austempered Cast Iron Alloy

et al. 2022

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ADI are the result of graphite nodules and ausferrite microstructure (acicular ferrite + retained austenite). Over the past few years, ADI has become an important material for engineering due to its excellent mechanical properties (outstanding ductility, high mechanical strength and good toughness) and low cost. It is known the discussion of process variables such as austempering time and temperature are extremely important for the microstructural and hardness study of these materials. Thus, in the present work, ADI cast iron was investigated under twelve different austenitic conditions, aiming to characterize the influence of the amount of austenite on the ferritic matrix on the mechanical property of hardness. The heat treatment parameters vary from three different times (40 min, 90 min and 180 min) under four temperatures (280ºC, 300 ºC, 320 ºC and 370ºC). Results show there is a decreasing of hardness linked to the increasing of retained austenite % volume. The greater amount of retained austenite % volume in the matrix was presented by sample A14, treated during 40 minutes under 370ºC and presenting 32.30% of this microconstituint. The amounts of each phase present in the studied materials were raised by quantitative metallography through the software Fiji-ImageJ, allowing a comparison of the results obtained by these two methods. Time differences on the austempering heating treatment did not show several implications on ADI microstructure. In addition, analyzes of the graphite nodules were performed.

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“…The hardness of ductile iron can be optimized by controlling the isothermal quenching temperature, the Vickers hardness increased from ~405.3 HV to ~535.7 HV as the austempering temperature decreased from ~330 °C to ~270 °C [9]. Besides, the duration of austempering process is also a crucial factor affecting the mechanical properties of the ductile iron, and the ductility is found to decrease along with increase of holding time at the austempering temperature of ~340 °C, whereas the ductility increases with decreasing holding time at the austempering temperature of ~400 °C [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the strength and toughness mechanisms of ductile iron in three heat‐treatment processes

Lin,

Jin,

Chen

et al. 2024

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the ductile iron in three heat treatment processes (normalizing, quenching + high‐temperature tempering and isothermal quenching) were investigated in this paper. The pearlite and ferrite with large‐sized spherical graphites can be obtained in the normalized sample, and the spherical graphites with relatively large size can still be observed in the mechanical mixture of tempered martensite and acicular ferrite for the quenched‐tempered sample. Meanwhile, the lower bainite accompanied with the relatively fine spherical graphites are existed in the isothermal‐quenched sample. The difference of tensile strength is mainly caused by the phase composition, distribution and size of the spherical graphites and the effect of the solid solution strengthening. The weaker degree of the debonding damage, higher proportion of high‐angle grain boundaries will improve the impact toughness of the ductile iron. In a word, the optimum combination of strength and toughness is acquired by using isothermal quenching, and the tensile strength and impact toughness are ~1350 MPa and ~10.62 J, respectively.

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Influence of Austempering Temperatures on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Dry sliding wear of ductile and austempered ductile iron: effect of load and sliding speed

Dry sliding wear of ductile and austempered ductile iron: effect of load and sliding speed

Microstructural Evaluation of an Austempered Cast Iron Alloy

Revealing the strength and toughness mechanisms of ductile iron in three heat‐treatment processes

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